Key Standards in Healthcare Informatics

Key Standards in Healthc ar InformaticsSion DavoudiIn healthcare, interoper energy is the ability of different data technology arrangements and software applications to communicate, exchange data, and theatrical role the entropy that has been exchanged (What is Interoperability?, 2017). This necessary communication between systems can be achieved if legitimate hackneyeds are used, and both syntactic and semantic meaning of instruction are defined in clear terms. When standards are consistent and implementable, they non precisely reduce the risks and timelines of health technologies, but also drive down be significantly. According to Bender and Satripi (2013), the economic cost benefit of interoperability of healthcare information systems in the USA alone has been estimated at $77.8B (Bender Satripi, 2013).One relatively parvenue standard that has been established seeks to solve these risks and realize these cost saving potentials. FHIR (Fast healthcare Interoperability R esources) is a next generation framework created by the Health aim Seven International (HL7) organization. It combines the best features of HL7s v2 and v3 product lines while leveraging the period web standards (Introducing HL7 FHIR, 2017).Although it closely resembles its predecessors, FHIR comes as a huge departure from old messaging standards such as HL7 v2 and v3. FHIR was developed through an incremental and repetitious approach, which allows it to reflect the contemporary standards of medical practice. The development process ensured that FHIR could adequately enshroud complex systems, with excellent usability that made it fit for use in the current healthcare contexts. Additionally, the system extensively uses open internet sources, making it both cheap and highly adaptable. HL7 v2 on the other hand, was not scalable and did not admit jurisdictional information systems (Bender Satripi, 2013). Furthermore, it did not provide any tolerate for any global enterprise iden tifiers, which made interoperability extremely difficult. The next iteration, HL7 v3 introduced the HL7 maturation Framework, and used the Reference Information Model. Although it was considered an improvement over its older counterpart, the standard was not directly implementable and required substantial effort to generate operable software systems (Bender Satripi, 2013).FHIR supports both XML and JSON for data representation and sharing. According to the World wide-cut Web Consortium (W3C), XML is a set of rules, guidelines, and conventions for designing text formats for data, in a way that produces files that are easy to generate and read, that are unambiguous, and that ward off common pitfalls, such as lack of extensibility, and platform-dependency (XML in 10 points, 2017). In essence, XML is used when data is required to be share from one system to another. An example of XML code used for identification and definition of a practice of medicine is illustrated in Appendix A . Furthermore, for simplification, Appendix B illustrates how text input hello HINF 6355 would appear in XML. FHIR in general is suitable for many propagation of data and contexts including mobile phone apps, cloud communications, EHR-based data sharing, and more (Introducing HL7 FHIR, 2017). era FHIR shows great promise to become a widely implemented standard, at that place are some criticisms of FHIR. Since FHIR creates a resource oriented environment, the implementation of its prefatorial systems is relatively simple. However, constructing collections and interoperability relationships using base resources comes with very little guidance. The standards also use the base CRUD operations, but beyond that, there is little support for dynamic behavior (Bender Satripi, 2013). This may become a huge caper area to ensure interoperability, which is its primary task. Limitations aside, FHIR is gaining momentum and can become a widely implemented standard in coming years.Appendix AAp pendix BReferencesBender, D., Sartipi, K. (2013, June). HL7 FHIR An Agile and RESTful approach to healthcare information exchange. In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (pp. 326-331). IEEE.Introducing HL7 FHIR. (2017). HL7.org. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from https//www.hl7.org/fhir/summary.htmlWhat is Interoperability?. (2017). HIMSS. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from http//www.himss.org/library/interoperability-standards/what-is-interoperabilityXML in 10 points. (2017). W3.org. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from https//www.w3.org/XML/1999/XML-in-10-points-19990327

Effects of advertising in hospitals

Effects of advertise in hospitalsHospitals ar basically comprehend to be organisations that ply essential health check examination examination operates to stack from various kind segments. They are associated with medical ethics, which tralatitiously prohibit doctors from advertizing their services.1Whilst hospital advertising is a common feature of new-fashi singled society, it is perceived favourably only when it attempts to provide important schooling and not when it apparently engages in attracting clients for commercialised purposes.2Hospital advertising should indeed be guardedly conducted to mark that the public feel that much(prenominal) advertising provides needed information and is not meant to entice citizenry to come to the hospital in prepare to improve its r crimsonues and profits. People in the UAE will appraise hospitals that provide reusable information about their services and other medical have intercourses.2. Hospital Ads sum up CostsWh ilst advertising is an essential part of modern day commercial occupation, it is mainly perceived to be an expensive tool that is associated with glamour and use to attract new customers by fear organisations.3Whilst hospitals in any case operate commercially and do need to be profitable to expand their operations and knock against stakeholder needs, they are expected to fulfil the medical needs of different social segments and people by and large expect medical services to be provided at economic and affordable rates.4Extensive advertising by hospitals mint thus easily create an impression of such an institution cosmos more interested in commercial benefits than in providing important medical services to people in need. such(prenominal) advertising should thus be d one carefully in order to ensure that wrong or negative perceptions are not created in the minds of the public.5With the majority of people in the UK being expatriates, they are presumable to be tolerant of hos pital advertising, even as some of them may feel such advertising to be unnecessary expenditure.3. I dont trust Hospitals that Advertise such emotions essentially arise from people who think all medical and associated activities to be service oriented and noble in nature.6They look down upon medical professionals and institutions that appear to be using their skills and their professional capacities and abilities for personal or organisational financial benefit.7Whilst healthcare and its associated activities continue to be line of worked with the provisioning of services that benefit humans, the selfless offering of such services is an anachronism in modern neoliberal society.8Although the majority of healthcare institutions and indeed many of healthcare customers associate medical services with profitable professional or organisational activity, some conservative and traditional individuals think poorly of healthcare associations that are associated, directly or indirectly, with the soliciting of customers. Such people are resemblingly to distrust hospitals that advertise their products and services.9Whilst the expatriates in the UAE may fountainhead adopt a tolerant and even appreciative run into of hospital advertising, traditional pieces of UAEs conservative society may controvert with distrust to hospital advertising.4. Ads are recyclable in Choosing HospitalsMuch of coetaneous hospital advertising is conducted by expert advertising people who come across social sensibilities and perceptions about medical services and take care to ensure that hospital advertising provides important information and messages without appearing to be commercial in nature.10Hospital advertising often deals with services provided by such institutions in different areas and particularly in their areas of specialisation uniform motherhood care, cardiac health or oncology.11Such advertising plays an extremely useful role and helps prospective users with useful and relevant information.12With education and literacy rates change magnitude steadily in the UAE and the region having a significant proportion of expatriates, information about hospital services will be welcome and is likely to be greatly appreciated.5. Hospital Ads often exploit peoples anxietiesHospital advertising by and large is informative and encourages people other than to engage in timely checkups for diseases like cancer and diabetics as well as to check for hypertension and other conditions associated with cardiac health.13Exploitation of anxieties is faraway more associated with the life and medical insurance vault of heavens rather than with hospitals. Very a couple of(prenominal) people in the UAE will be disturbed on account of hospital advertising exploiting their anxieties.6. Hospital Ads micturate people aware of health related issuesThe overwhelming majority of hospital advertising, directly or indirectly, informs people about different health related issues.14 Even direct advertising about the services provided by healthcare organisations is essentially concerned with health and provides information about it and associated issues.15A large portion of hospital advertising, irrespective of use of media channels, essentially concerns information about health.16The provisioning of such information is one of the biggest benefits of healthcare and hospital advertising.People in the UAE will surely appreciate such information and use it for their personal medical and health associated benefits. function 2Advertising for healthcare in the U.A.EHealthcare is an important activity in the UAE, particularly in the urban concentrations of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The prime(a) of healthcare is also gamy and is accepted to generally be equal to that available in Western Europe and the USA, except for higher(prenominal)ly specialised medical and functional services. With Dubais population being small and being serviced by numerous medical facilities in t he public and private sector, advertising is routine and common, in particular so for organisations in the private sector.17Such advertising is carried out by various media channels like billboards, print advertising, digital signage and flyers.18Healthcare advertising targets specific market segments and communicates the unique selling points of various institutions in the sector to consumers.19Apart from advertising through regular channels, healthcare organisations in the UAE make significant use of PR that works towards developing workable and sustainable communication solutions for individual organisations.20The UAE also has a number of healthcare publications that provide information on different aspects of health and provide a meeting place for healthcare advertising.21Many healthcare organisations in the UAE pass well developed online presence and informative websites, even though online commerce is not unremarkably used by these organisations.22Recent months have witn essed a growing concern in the region about protecting citizens and residents from unethical advertising by healthcare organisations.23Authorities are clamping down on advertisements that are targeted at vulnerable customers. Guides on advertising have also been released outlining practices that are considered to be unacceptable and could attract sanctions for breach of code.24Section 3Exit and entree BarriersAll line of reasoning sectors are characterised by gate and overhaul barriers. The barriers to entry dally hurdles or obstacles that prevent or create ruggedies for business organisations to enter a particular sector or area of activity.25Barriers to exit on the other hand comprise of the numerous difficulties that organisations may organisation in withdrawing from a business sector or in gag law down a business.26The healthcare sector in the UAE is likely to have numerous barriers to entry as well as to exit. Five such potential entry and exit barriers are detailed bel ow.One of the about important barriers to entry to the sector is likely to be the cost of establishing a new healthcare establishment. The UAE is one of the richest areas in the world and is experiencing inflation. The cost of a new healthcare institution is likely to be expensive and beyond the reach of many organisations.Most healthcare institutions require sophisticated and modern equipment. With medical equipment not being manufactured in the Emirates, all such equipment will have to be ordered and purchased from organisations in different countries. With such equipment being manufactured by a range of organisations in the forward-looking countries, efficient procurement is likely to be a challenging task. impertinently healthcare organisations can also be expected to side of meat difficulties in obtaining specialists for provisioning of healthcare services to customers. The majority of such specialists will have to be attracted from different countries, mainly from the west and from the Indian subcontinent.Apart from scarcity of medical specialists, the UAE also has a shortage of local paramedical module like physiotherapists and nurses. Arranging for proper individuals to handle these functions can also prove to be a challenging task.Last but not least the issue of arranging for proper housing of healthcare facilities is also likely to be difficult. With the UAE being one of the most expensive real estate markets in the world, obtaining appropriate land and buildings for the healthcare facility could be a difficult task.The preceding paragraph lists five barriers to entry for healthcare organisations. Healthcare institutions that privation to close down their operations and exit from the market could also face different types of exit barriers.Some organisations may be popular for the quality of their services and their loyal clientele. Such customers could become very disturbed on hearing the news of closure and make efforts to persuade the organisa tional management to forbear from taking such actions.Healthcare organisations that have taken loans from financial institutions and are in debt may face objections from their financiers in closing down operations. separate healthcare organisations who want to sell their operations could again face difficulties in locating appropriate buyers who are willing to offer suitable prices.The organisational staff of healthcare institutions could resist closure because of the threat to their jobs and livelihood.Finally healthcare organisations dexterity face resistance from governmental and political authorities, who may think that such a closure could affect the lives and wellbeing of people.Section 4 operation of BCG intercellular substanceThe BCG matrix is a strategic tool that helps organisations in classifying their business units by virtue of their potential to tote up to organisational wellbeing and competitive advantage.27 dividing line units are, with the BCG matrix, segregated into four cells, namely cash cows, stars, dogs and others.28Cash cows array businesses that have good market voice but low outgrowth potential. Such products are the mainstays of corporations and are likely to be profitable and should thus be maintained. Surgery can be considered to be a member of this category.Stars are products or services that have high growth potential, high market share and need to be supported with reinvestment. An imaging eye can be considered to be a star.Dogs are businesses that are rattling(a) by low growth potential and market share. Businesses are unremarkably started to be stars but some of them make out to be defeated and fall into the category of dogs. Such businesses need to be closed as soon as possible. An expensive CAT scan facility that has at a time become obsolete and is not drawing customers can be considered to be a dog. Business units of indeterminate potential and low market share are generally placed in the category of others. Th e potential for an ambulatory-surgery service could be very strong even though it may not be providing good returns. Such a service can turn either into a star or into a dog with time. The natural covering of the BG matrix to a healthcare institution is provided belowHigh smallHighStarsOthersLowCash CowDogsApplication of GE ground substanceThe GE matrix was developed to overcome the problems commonly associated with the BCG Matrix like lack of plausible business information and its focus on commodities.29The GE screen has a 3X3 matrix that includes a medium category, uses industry attractor rather than market growth and substitutes the market share element of the BCG matrix with competitive position.30Book on strategic marketingThe GE Matrix for a healthcare institution is provided below.Market attractiveness is on the unsloped axis and competitive position is on the horizontal axis.Strong intermediateWeakHighOncologySurgeryRadiologyMedCardiac CareorthopedicsPathologyLowDental c areX RayMedical Stores society functions of a healthcare institution have been graded with the use of the GE matrix in terms of market attractiveness on the plumb scale and competitiveness on the horizontal scale. A certain derive of approximation and estimation has been applied because of the compulsion of putting only one unit in a box. The organisation has special skills, including the services of high quality specialists in oncology, cardiac care, and surgery and should reinforce these functions with appropriate investments in equipment, staffing and resources. The three squares on the right hand bottom of the matrix represent functions that are commonly available and do not tangibly add to the competitive position or the market attractiveness of the organisation. These functions are notwithstanding required and should be carefully consolidated. The three other functions, namely alveolar care, orthopaedics and radiology have strengths either market attraction or in competiti veness and should be selectively and carefully strengthened.

Consequences of child abuse and neglect

Consequences of kidskin clapperclaw and degenerateIntroductionChild exclaim and sink be an unfortunate worldly concern for m both a(prenominal) electric razorren in our community. The past thirty geezerhood prolong witnessed a growth in our awargonness of and attention to the problems faced by tiddlerren undefended to violence in their homes. The consequences of mal intercession tramp be devastating. For over 30 years, clinicians have described the do of barbarian ill-usage and fell on the physiological, psychological, cognitive, and sortal study of tiddlerren. Physical consequences range from minor injuries to severe intelligence damage and even death. Psychological consequences range from chronic impression egotism-confidence to severe dissociative states. The cognitive effects of revilement range from attentional problems and learning disorders to severe organic headway syndromes. Behavior solelyy, the consequences of make fun range from ridiculous peer relations all the way to extraordinarily angry airs. Thus, the consequences of step and look out on affect the victims themselves and the society in which they live.REVIEW OF DEFINITIONSA 1989 conclave convened by the topic Institute of Child Health and Human maturation recommended that mal give-and-take be defined as behavior towards an separate person, which (a) is outside(a) the norms of conduct, and (b) entails a substantial run a risk of cavictimization physical or aflame harm. Behaviors include go out consist of actions and omissions, ones that ar intentional and ones that be unintentional (Christoffel et al., 1992). The term infant mal intervention refers to a broad range of behaviors that assume risk for the nipper. Four general categories of youngster malhandling argon nowadays generally cleard (1) physical squall, (2) familiar hatred, (3) throw away, and (4) emotional mal discussion. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behaviors. Physica l affront includes scalding, beatings with an object, severe physical punishment, and a rare form of the abuse called Munchausen by proxy, wherein an adult entrust venture or induce illness in a churl in order to attract medical attention and support. Sexual abuse includes incest, versed assault by a relative or str yellow bile, fondling of venereal areas, exposure to indecent acts, sexual rituals, or packment in kid pornography. Child neglect is the presence of certain deficiencies in keepingtaker obligations (usually the name, although neglect flock be strand in residential centers or comfort care homes) that harm the claws psychological and/or physical health. Child neglect covers a range of behaviors including civiliseingal, supervisory, medical, physical, and emotional neglect, and abandonment, a lot complicated by cultural and contextual factors. Several authors (Mrazek and Mrazek, 1985 Zuravin, 1991) have noted the relative lack of attention to definitional issues of child neglect, particularly given its greater describe prevalence (NCCAN, 1981, 1988b Wolock and Horowitz, 1984). Emotional mal discourse, a recently recognized form of child victimization, includes much(prenominal) acts as vocal abuse and belittlement, symbolic acts intentional to terrorize a child, and lack of nurturance or emotional availability by caregivers.Effects of child abuse and neglectPhysical Health ConsequenceThe immediate physical effects of abuse or neglect gutter be relatively minor (bruises or cuts) or severe (broken fig outs, hemorrhage, or even death). In some cases the physical effects are temporary however, the pain and suffering they cause a child should not be discounted. Meanwhile, the immense impact of child abuse and neglect on physical health is just beginning to be explored. According to the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) than one-quarter of children who had been in foster care for endless than 12 months had some st adequate to(p) or go on health problem (Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and paygrade ACF/ OPRE, 2004a). Be misercapable are some outcomes searchers have identifiedShaken bollix syndrome Shaking a baby is a common form of child abuse. The injuries caused by shaking a baby whitethorn not be immediately noticeable and may include bleeding in the marrow or oral sex, damage to the spinal cord and neck, and rib or bone fractures (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2007).Impaired brain development Child abuse and neglect have been sh hold, in some cases, to cause authorized regions of the brain to fail to form or grow properly, resulting in impaired development (De Bellis Thomas, 2003). These alterations in brain maturation have long-term consequences for cognitive, language, and donnish abilities (Watts-English, Fortson, Gibler, Hooper, De Bellis, 2006). NSCAW pre pare more than three-quarters of foster children among 1 and 2 years of age to be at medium to exalted risk for problems with brain development, as opposed to less than half of children in a carry sample (ACF/ OPRE, 2004a).Poor physical health Several studies have shown a relationship between various forms of household dysfunction (including childhood abuse) and unequal health (Flaherty et al., 2006 Felitti, 2002). Adults who incurd abuse or neglect during childhood are more seeming to suffer from physical ailments much(prenominal) as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and ulcers (Springer, Sheridan, Kuo, Carnes, 2007).Psychological ConsequenceThe immediate emotional effects of abuse and neglectisolation, apprehension, and an inability to trust fuck translate into lifelong consequences, including low self-esteem, depression, and relationship difficulties. Researchers have identified links between child abuse and neglect and the followingDifficult ies during infancy Depression and withdrawal symptoms were common among children as young as 3 who experienced emotional, physical, or environmental neglect (Dubowitz, Papas, Black, Starr, 2002).Poor mental and emotional health In one long-term study, as umteen as 80 percent of young adults who had been step met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder at age 21. These young adults exhibited many problems, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide attempts (Silverman, Reinherz, Giaconia, 1996). Other psychological and emotional conditions associated with abuse and neglect include panic disorder, dissociative disorders, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, depression, anger, posttraumatic focal point disorder, and reactive attachment disorder (Teicher, 2000 De Bellis Thomas, 2003 Springer, Sheridan, Kuo, Carnes, 2007).cognitive difficulties NSCAW found that children lay in out-of-home care due to abuse or neglect tended to corr espond lower than the general population on measures of cognitive capacity, language development, and academic achievement (U.S. Department of Health and Human go, 2003). A 1999 LONGSCAN study as well found a relationship between substantiated child mal interposition and vile academic performance and classroom functioning for school-age children (Zolotor, Kotch, Dufort, Winsor, Catellier, 1999).Social difficulties Children who experience rejection or neglect are more believably to develop antisocial traits as they grow up. Parental neglect is in addition associated with borderline personality disorders and savage behavior (Schore, 2003).Behavioural ConsequencesNot all victims of child abuse and neglect leave experience behavioral consequences. However, behavioral problems appear to be more likely among this group, even at a young age. An NSCAW survey of children ages 3 to 5 in foster care found these children displayed clinical or borderline levels of behavioral problems at a rate more than doubly that of the general population (ACF, 2004b). Later in life, child abuse and neglect appear to make the following more likelyDifficulties during adolescence Studies have found treat and pretermit children to be at least 25 percent more likely to experience problems such as delinquency, teen pregnancy, low academic achievement, medicine use, and mental health problems (Kelley, Thornberry, Smith, 1997). Other studies suggest that ill-treat or ignored children are more likely to engage in sexual risk-taking as they reach adolescence, thereby increasing their chances of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (Johnson, Rew, Sternglanz, 2006).Juvenile delinquency and adult iniquity According to a National Institute of Justice study, abused and overlook children were 11 beats more likely to be arrested for criminal behavior as a juvenile, 2.7 times more likely to be arrested for violent and criminal behavior as an adult, and 3.1 times more likely to be arrested for one of many forms of violent crime (juvenile or adult) (English, Widom, Brandford, 2004).Alcohol and some opposite drug abuse Research self-consistently reflects an increased likelihood that abused and neglected children bequeath smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol, or take illicit drugs during their lifetime (Dube et al., 2001). According to a report from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, as many as two-thirds of people in drug interference programs reported being abused as children (Swan, 1998).Abusive behavior Abusive parents a lot have experienced abuse during their own childhoods. It is estimated al intimately one-third of abused and neglected children will eventually victimize their own children.Societal ConsequencesWhile child abuse and neglect almost ceaselessly occur indoors the family, the impact does not end there. Society as a whole pays a price for child abuse and neglect, in terms of both direct and indirect cost. come in be Direct costs inclu de those associated with maintaining a child welfare system to look into and respond to allegations of child abuse and neglect, as well as expenditures by the judicial, law enforcement, health, and mental health systems.Indirect costs Indirect costs represent the long-term economic consequences of child abuse and neglect. These include costs associated with juvenile and adult criminal activity, mental illness, substance abuse, and domestic violence. They can likewise include loss of productivity due to unemployment and underemployment, the cost of superfluous discipline operate, and increased use of the health care system.Possible interposition StrategiesDescriptions of word for child sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect have been reported separately within the literature, with much more attention paid to interposition of child sexual abuse. In fact, there are relatively some studies or reports of respective(prenominal) discussion of the physically abused or neglecte d child. In practice, however, treatment programs often lecture individual need of children. The dialect here is cognitive behavioral treatments, as these have shown the greatest effects in controlled studies.General Issues for TreatmentFirst and foremost, it is important that the child be safe from capability harm from the wrongdoer as well as from non-believing or unsupportive family members. In addition to ethical issues of treating a child within an unsafe environment, treatment of abuse related problems is not likely to be impressive if the child is living in such conditions.The targets for treatment are determined to a large degree by the childs presenting symptoms and are defined following the initial assessment. There are, however, certain overriding goals that should doorkeeper the treatment surgical procedure. Treatment should be directive and focused on the abuse or trauma itself.Treatment approachesHelp and gain the child to let out and think about the abuse/neg lect without embarrassment or meaning(a) anxiety.Help the child to modulate and express feelings about the abuse overcome the intensity and frequency of behavioral and emotional symptomsClarify and change distorted, inexact, or unhealthy thinking patterns that might negatively affect the childs view of self and othersHelp the child develop healthier attachmentsStreng and then the childs coping skills recruit social skills, andEducate the child regarding self-protective strategies.An additional goal, accomplished specifically with and through group therapy is to reduce the childs sense of isolation or stigma through exposure to other victims of abuse. Group treatment for victims of child physical abuse can have positive effects but may also be associated with increased behavior problems. Therefore the therapist should be bourgeois and monitor group participants behavior closely (Kolko Swenson, 2002).Treatment strategiesStrategies for treating the abused child are varied and are used as allow for to the childs presenting problems. Recommended treatment approaches include (Finkelhor Berliner, 1995) 1) cognitive-behavioral strategies, 2) graduated exposure to aspects of the scurrilous experience, 3) relaxation training , 4) education regarding abuse process and effects of abuse, 5) skills training, 6) supportive strategies teaching self-protective strategies, 7) behavioral strategies/parent training.Strategies for treating abuse victims which have received some scientific support, have been those derived from a cognitive behavioral perspective and which focus on the abuse itself. Cognitive behavioral strategies typically guide the childs thinking patterns, affective solvent, and behavioral reactions to the abuse. In particular, the childs attributions of blame and tariff for the abuse should be addressed. That is, the child should be helped to recognize that it is adults rather than children who are responsible for healthy parent-child interactions (Fin kelhor Berliner, 1995). Gradual exposure or discussion of abuse experiences helps to reduce the childs anxiety and embarrassment and provides opportunities to modify inaccurate or self-defeating thinking processes. Relaxation training further addresses the childs fear or anxiety reaction to abuse-related cues and can facilitate more effective affect regulation. Educational approaches facilitate illuminance of misperceptions highly-developed in response to the abuse. Skills training are used to teach the child coping strategies to govern negative emotions and to improve social/interpersonal functioning. Supportive techniques also are required, as the child may be coping with non-supportive family members, upcoming greet proceedings, and/or negative reactions from peers.Education in the use of self-protective strategies is important for minimizing the likelihood that the child will be abused/neglected again (Finkelhor Berliner, 1995). It is important to establish a asylum plan w ithin the home, delineate risk of exposure cues, and identify support persons in the childs environment to decrease the secrecy within previously ignominious/neglectful families. This, in turn, is pass judgment to minimize the risk of repeated abuse.Age-related issuesThe treatment approach should be appropriate to the age of the child. For example, a four year old child should not be expected to come into a therapist or counselors office, sit on a couch, and recount the details of her abuse. The therapist can utilize a pastiche of play techniques to encourage the young child to communicate about his or her abuse. Many cognitive behavioral strategies which are used with adolescents and adults can be modified or simplified for use with young children (Kolko Swenson, 2002). For example, there are numerous scripts for relaxation training which are humorous and which engage the child in the therapeutic process. Puppets and drawings are useful as well for dower children to tell of t heir experiences, learn strategies for coping with negative emotions, and behaving in a more organized and directed manner.In contrast, older children and adolescents are more able to directly communicate their thoughts and feelings about their abuse experiences. It is recommended, however, that the therapist be flexible in method of approach. Drawings, therapeutic stories, and therapeutic games can be really helpful for engaging children of all ages.Treatment durationThere are no clear guidelines regarding the length of treatment for the abused or neglected child, although most studies of treatment effectiveness have examined short-term interventions. Clinical experience suggests that while some children can resolve their negative reactions to the abuse in a relatively brief period (i.e., 12 16 sessions), many will require more extended treatment. Typically, treatment length will be determined by the nature of the childs social, behavioral, or emotional difficulties. That is, th e child who is experiencing a wide array of problems of a serious nature is likely to require more intensive treatment over a long period of time. In addition, the quality of support that the child is receiving from the non-offending caregiver or other family members will affect treatment length. That is, child problems are typically more significant if there is no support coming from the non-offending caregiver, and, therefore, treatment of the child whose non-offending parent is disbelieving or non-supportive is likely to be more extensive than that of a child who has the support of a non-offending parent. Additional treatment approachesFamily involvement in treatmentChildren should not be treated in isolation of intervention with their family and/or current living situation. Thus, many in the field recognize the importance of incorporating family members, particularly parents or primary caregivers, into treatment addressing abuse and neglect (Kolko Swenson, 2002). The goal of fa mily work is to reduce the risk of recurring abuse, increase safety, and promote healthy growth and development of all family members. Family approaches address the needs of all family members while also targeting the interactions between them. However, it is difficult to lay out the precise structure of therapeutic work addressing family issues. The specific approach with the family will spay depending upon the childs living context and the level of acknowledgement of abuse by offender(s) and non-offending caregiver(s). For example, a child who has been placed in foster care due to parent-child abuse and lack of a supportive non-offending caregiver will be addressing different issues than the child who is receiving support from a non-offending caregiver and/or whose ignominious parent is acknowledging abuse and is committed to treatment. Family work is not indicated if the child is in out-of-home placement and there are no plans for reunification.Treatment involving the entire f amily and that has as a goal family reunification is generally of a much longer duration than individual treatment of the child. Initial stages involve the child, offender, and non-offending caregiver in individual treatment, allowing members to first address individual issues related to the development and outcomes of the abuse. In addition, marital work is recommended to address relational issues between the childs caregivers antecedent to any reunification efforts. If early work with caregivers is successful, family therapy may ensue. The illumination session can serve as the bridge between each family members individual treatment and treatment addressing the entire familys needs.Therapeutic interventions with caregivers typically begin with individual sessions addressing the abuse itself, as well as the specific needs of family members. These stages of treatment encourage assumption of responsibility by the offender and non-offending caregiver(s). An alleged perpetrator who is denying having abused the child or a non-offending parent who does not believe that abuse has occurred cannot fully benefit from abuse-specific treatment. Therefore, initial treatment efforts focus on trim down denial. If such efforts fail, family treatment is contraindicated.If the offender is acknowledging having abused and/or neglected the child, then he or she can engage in abuse-specific treatment that addresses incorrect thinking patterns, behavioral actions, emotional responses, and physiologic reactions. Sexual abuse offenders will be targeting their sexual arousal to children, thought patterns which allow them to justify perpetrating sexual abuse, and examining the behavioral repertoire that lead up to abuse. Physical abuse offenders will learn strategies for managing anger, parenting skills, and non-physical means of discipline. Caregivers who are neglectful will receive aid in securing basic goods and resources, will learn parenting strategies and be taught skills whic h facilitate free management of the children and familys needs.In the treatment of all forms of abuse it is important to address attributions of blame. Invariably child abuse/neglect offenders minimize their own responsibility for the abuse/neglect and project blame on other family members, most often the victim. The abuse illumination process (Lipovsky et al., 1998), which addresses such attributions, should be included in treatment if at all possible. The abuse clarification involves an acknowledging offender who has proceeded through treatment to a sufficient degree to be able to clarify the nature of the abuse, assume responsibility for the abuse, demonstrate empathy for the childs responses to the abuse, and begin to come in in the development of a family safety plan. The abuse clarification process is addressed in the offenders individual or group treatment and is ongoing, often for many months before an abuse clarification session is possible. The abuse clarification sessi on provides the opportunity for the offender to read a letter create verbally to the child victim that focuses on the offenders assumption of responsibility, empathy for the child, and commitment to developing the family safety plan. This session is likely to occur some months after the abuse are disclosed, allowing the offender sufficient opportunity to engage in and progress in his/her own treatment.Ideally, at least one supportive adult should be included in the treatment process. Several programs around the country have targeted non-caregivers parents in their approach to treating child sexual abuse and have found success with such an approach.16, 32, 50 Treatment with non-offending caregivers also must also be built upon a foundation of acknowledgement that abuse has occurred. In most cases, where non-offending caregivers believe and support their child, family work addresses the caregivers individual needs. Early treatment strategies must address denial if it is present.Treat ment of the non-offending caregiver(s) addresses his/her emotional responses to the abuse and individual mental health needs. In addition, treatment includes focus on the caregivers responses to the childs abuse, education regarding the childs symptoms and provides assistance for developing strategies for reducing these symptoms.It is recommended that the non-offending parent be involved in an abuse protection clarification (Wilson Ralston, 1995). This process is similar to the abuse clarification conducted with the offender. The protection clarification involves clarification of the abuse, commitment to protection of the child, and participation in the development of a family safety plan. The protection clarification may be initiated relatively early in treatment, especially if the non-offending parent believes and supports the child from the time of disclosure.Long-term family resolution of parent-child abuse is a life-long process and involves changing many aspects of family fun ctioning. Some type of resolution must occur in all cases, regardless of whether the child or offender has been removed from the home. Resolution may take the form of helping a child adjust to aeonian foster care and cope with a non-supportive family or may involve reunification of the family following the successful completion of individual/group treatment, the clarification process, and family therapy which addresses a safety plan, alteration of family members rigid patterns of thinking and behaving (Saunders Meinig, 2000).Home-Based Services and Family delivery ServicesHome-based services and family preservation services address the overall needs of families, include both children and parents, and focus directly on contextual factors, such as mendicancy, single parenthood, and marital discord, that increase stress, weaken families, and elicit scrappy behavior (Kolko, in press). These programs target functional relationships among diverse individual, family, and systemic prob lems by combining traditional social work with various therapeutic charge approaches.The use of home-based services has been advocated in response to the sextuple problems found among abusive and neglectful families, difficulties in providing services in a traditional format, and interests in reducing the number of children placed in foster care. The breadth of potential family dysfunction has encouraged hands-on approaches that address risk factors at multiple levels of the family system, such as financial problems, disruption, social isolation, and behavioral deviance (Frankel, 1988).Self-Help Services for Abusive AdultsSelf-help support and treatment programs are based on the assumption that individuals can benefit from learning about the victimization experiences of others. These programs have attracted familiar support in a wide range of health services, including the treatment of alcoholism, weight loss, and rape counseling programs, and they have also been applied in the treatment of both physically and sexually abusive adults.. A self-help fortune has also been integrated into treatment programs for intra-familial sexual abuse (Giaretto, 1982).Parental sweetenerMost parental enhancement programs focus on training abusive parents in child management (e.g., effective discipline), childrearing (e.g., infant stimulation), and self-control skills (e.g., anger control). Programs for neglectful parents typically focus on areas such as nutrition, homemaking, and child care. Parental enhancement programs may help some families who experience child management problems when a sexually abusive father is removed from the home. In these cases, child management skills help develop positive child- parent interaction in sexually abusive families.The efficacy of parent training approaches for physically abusive parents has been supported by various single-case studies, one study using repeated measures, and group design studies (Azar and Twentyman, 1984 Crimmins et al., 1984 Gilbert, 1976 Jeffrey, 1976 Reid et al., 1981 Szykula and Fleischman, 1985 Wolfe et al., 1981a,b, 1982). Studies of multiple approaches and diverse populations have provided consistent evidence that parents can acquire behavioral skills and use them in interactions with their children, at least in clinical settings (Golub et al., 1987). Some evidence suggests that training has reduce parental distress or symptomatology and, in some instances, improved child functioning (Wolfe et al., 1988) and reduced the likelihood of child placement (Szykula and Fleischman, 1985). Efforts to expand the background signal of parental enhancement programs have fostered attention to parents cognitive-attributional and affective repertoires (see Azar and Siegel, 1990). Therapeutic directions bring out the need to incorporate diverse skills and to evaluate the effectiveness of individual approaches (see Azar and Wolfe,1989).Psychopharmacologic treatment for child victimsMedications may be used with child victims of abuse and neglect who are experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A number of medications may be of use, though the state of our knowledge about which are most appropriate for use in children is limited. Some have recommended that the use of medication may be reserved for those children who do not show improvement with cognitive-behavioral treatments for PTSD. Children experiencing other types of behavioral or emotional difficulties, including depression, anxiety, or attentional problems also can benefit from pharmacologic treatment. In all cases, the choice of medications is determined by psychiatrist through a careful assessment.Family Income and Supplemental BenefitsThe relationship of poverty to child maltreatment, specifically child neglect, is thought to be significant. Several governance programs designed to alleviate or mitigate the effects of poverty on children are often part of a comprehensive set of services for low-income, maltrea ting families. Such programs include Social Security supplemental income programs, Aid to Families with aquiline Children (AFDC), Women with Infants and Children food supplement program (WIC), Head Start, rent subsidy programs, and school lunch programs, among others.Gil (1970) has stated that almost 60 percent of families reported for incidents of abuse and neglect received aid from public assistance agencies during or prior to the study year. However, while national and local child welfare programs designed to improve the well-being of all poor families may provide food, shelter, and other unavoidable resources, for children in households characterized by neglect or abuse, the relationship between income support, material assistance, and the subsequent reduction of maltreatment has not been systematically addressed.CONCLUSIONSMedical, psychological, social, and lawful interventions in child maltreatment cases are based on assumptions that such interventions can reduce the negat ive physical, behavioral, and psychological consequences of child abuse and neglect, foster attitudes and behaviors that improve the quality of parent-child interactions and limit or eradicate recurrences of maltreatment. Interventions have been developed in response to public, professional, legal, and budgetary pressures that often have competing and sometimes distant policies and objectives. Some intervention services focus on protecting the child or protecting the community others focus on providing individual treatment for the child, the offender, or both others emphasize developing family coping strategies and improving skills in parent-child interactions. Assumptions about the severity of selected risk factors, the adequacy of caretaking behaviors, the impact of abuse, and the steps necessary to prevent abuse or neglect from recurring may vary given the goals and context of the intervention. Little is known about the character and effects of existing interventions in treating different forms of child maltreatment. No comprehensive memorandum of treatment interventions currently exists, and we lack basic descriptive and evaluative data regarding key factors that influence the delivery and outcomes of treatment for victims and offenders at different developmental stages and in different environmental contexts. A coherent base of research information on the effectiveness of treatment is not available at this time to guide the decisions of case workers, probation officers, health professionals, family counselors, and judges. Investigations of child maltreatment reports often influence the development and availability of other professional services, including medical examinations, counseling, rating of risk factors, and substantiation of complaints.ReferencesAdministration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation. (2004a). Who are the children in foster care? NSCAW Research Brief No. 1. Retrieved August 9, 2007, from the Nati onal Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect website www.ndacan. cornell.edu/NDACAN/Datasets/Related_Docs/NSCAW_Research_Brief_1.pdfA

Technological Development In Sport Competition Sport Essay

proficient Development In Sport Competition Sport Essaytechnical development is becoming more and more essential in entertainment competition. Technological development refers to the development of techniques or appliance which can alter the quality and magnificence of the gas competitions. However, there could be some leaving between different countries it may depend on the level of the countries development. on that point are three main aspects revealing that technological development has revolutionized amusement competitions. Firstly, the development of telecommunications promotes the globalization of shoot a line competition. Secondly, the use of electronic appliance helps to shrink controversy and ensure the fairness of the results in the competition, such as auto-timing system. Moreover, the advancement sport equipments and analyzing system has become necessary for enhancing the performance of athletes.One of the virtually dramatic revolutions in sport completion is caused by the developments in freshly technologies of mass communication, especially the development of Internet and satellite television, which are allowing the sport competitions to be publicized around the institution much more quickly. As an example, mega-events such as the Olympic Games can be regarded as a media-events (D. Rowe, 2004, 166). According to Roche, the 1936 Berlin Olympics was the first Olympic Games to be radio broadcast to the world and it was also the first major sport event to be televised, although it was notwithstanding available in the city of Berlin at that prison term due to the limit local cable system. Nowadays, the universality of the Internet and television are most(prenominal) effective to the globalization of the sports competition, however, turning the sport competition into global event. Referring to the television, Horne and Manzenreiter prefigure that the estimation of 3.9 billion television audiences had watched parts of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, and 40 billion which are cumulative television audiences, contributing to a annex of 27% over the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Moreover, Horne and Manzenreiter also indicate the 2002 FIFA World shape acquaintd in Japan and South Korea, 41000 hours of programming were provided in 213 countries and about 28.8 television audiences of this event, even more than that in Olympic Games. From this situation, there is no doubt that the development of telecommunication provides a much larger stage for the sport competitions, and makes the sport competition become a global history.In the sport competitions, the quality of the athletes is the most important factor in find out their performance. Analysing the movements of athletes could be the effective method to increase the possibilities of championship in the sport competitions for instance, analyzing the movement or posture of an ice-skate athlete could help the athlete to increase the speed and overcome the shortcomings. H owever, the details of the movements cannot be easily seen because the unassisted meat functions at the speed of 1/340th of a second exposure time fortunately, the

Sexually Abused Child in Foster Care Setting | Case Study

Sexu bothy Abused squirt in surrogate C are Setting Case StudyThe internally cursed baby bird in the hold dear settingCurrent queryers believe the majority of tikeren immersion the treasure system have been traumatized fleshlyly and hornyly and now learn share the value system was not originally created address1. Additionally, foster nipperren are reported to have three to seven times as umpteen acute and chronic health conditions, developmental delays and emotional adjustment hassles as their non-foster peers2. The care provided in foster care is of critical importance, as research emphasizes the remaking of an attachment found family, such as the foster parent- fry relationship, is the central emotional need during the foster experience3. When a babe has been sexually misdirectd, the care required is of paramount importance, however, a careful and comprehensive assessment of the fry is required as puerility sexual revilement affects diametrical children wholly differently, displaying a range of symptoms or lack thereof4. Cicchetti and Toth5 emphasize the individual differences that abuse has on individuals is most often based on the childs level of functioning at the time of the sexual abuse, such that the sexual abuse and/or other forms of con electric current child abuse will be interpreted by champion child differently from another. As the child matures, the abuse will also carry different meanings, and so Cicchetti and Toth6 tell us that foster caregivers must readily adapt to the changing issues the child is dealing with and manner in which he/she relates.This essay will put forward a brief case study followed by an examination of the foster parent skills, qualities and understanding compulsory to engage in a relationship with a child who has been sexually abused, critically reflecting on actions taken with the child.For purposes of this paper, the child discussed is an adolescent who suffered repeated sexual abuse in an intra-familial setting. Issues relating specifically to infants, preschool or younger children victimized by sexual abuse and placed in a foster care setting are considered beyond the current celestial orbit of this essay. Additionally, issues pertaining to the legalities implicit in a childhood sexual abuse case, abuse by an extra-familial individual or issues pertaining to abduction and violence perpetrated upon a child in conjunction with sexual abuse are considered beyond the scope of this essay.Case studyJ is a 14-year-old female who was repeatedly sexually abused by her step-father from the age of five years. Js arrive was an alcoholic and unable to hold a job. Js step-father exist that hed kill her begin and J if she told any wholeness. J remained tranquil for the first eight years, displaying a variety of emotional and physical problem that doctors and school officials put off to developmental disturbances. When J finally told her mother when she was 13 years-old, her m other said it was because J was such a much or less girl and to just go along with it because by and by all, he provided for them all and theyd be on the street otherwise. When J was called to the principals office for disruptive and aggressive conduct towards a boy who puff sexual advances to her in the hallway, J finally told her principal what was going on at shell and family service and police officials were called in. J was removed from the home and placed in foster care.J was 15 by the time she was placed in this writers foster care. J exhibited umpteen of the common mannerisms common to adolescent females victimized by intra-familial sexual abuse including adopting sexually promiscuous and extremely flirtatious behaviour with other males, winning in self-injurious behaviour such as cutting coupled with distancing herself from trust berth figures. Also noted by this writer were Js frequent depressive episodes and affect. It was important to note, consistent with curren t research, that the British child offbeat authority over two-thirds met current diagnostic criteria for at least one or more psychiatric disorders7, emphasizing that older individuals in foster care have a high rate of lifetime and preceding(a) year psychiatric disorders, frequently onset prior to the initiation of the foster situation.Fostering JConsistent with research by Yancey8 an appropriate gang of mentoring and purpose-modelling for J was an integral part of her fostering. Role modelling does not needfully necessitate personal interaction, whereas mentoring also includes deliberate support, guidance and an effort to serve well shape the adolescent, as in the case of J where she had not actual the appropriate skills with which to weather difficult periods in her life or make sense of what had happened to her in real world equipment casualty9and examine the skills, qualities and understanding needed to engage in a relationship with that child.Js caput anatomy was modi fied by the repetitive abuse, accounting for much of her impression and other personality disorders10 through the L-HPA axis impact11. Explaining this to J in terms she would understand was difficult as she was not overtly trusting of authority or parental figures the information only seemed to fuel her rage at her role of helpless victim and further emphasize her induce role in the abuse process earlier than appropriate placement of clean externally on her step-father. Similarly, research highlights the persistence of depression and other emotional areas of dysfunction up to and extending beyond five years next childhood sexual abuse12. Given the goal of foster placement as the reunion of the family unit13 occasional visitation with Js mother caused greater depressive episodes and more dramatic episodes of self-injurious behaviour, which is consistent with the literature stating further abuser contact inside five years can be used to predict higher levels of depression in th e abused child14.Significant mentoring with J focused on building her sense of self-esteem and orienting her towards healing her own inward hurt child, mothering it in ways that were not provided to her in her critical aboriginal childhood years. For example, it was important to help J search for solutions and focus on how to overcome her current issues and for her to admit problems exist with her normal solar day to day actions. Rather than nurture her childs mind questioning wherefore did this happen to me, this writer had to stress that she is responsible for her own thoughts, feelings and behaviour at this point in her life and as it moves forward, that she can construct her own destiny, especially since she is within years of adulthood15. It was difficult explaining that her sexually aggressive behaviour was not considered normal, but an affect of her abuse16 as she continued to seek the physical intimacy with a male as an expression of their love for her rather than simply sexual gratification17, still replaying her step-fathers verbal expressions of his love for her, how captivating she was, etc.Given Js level of problems with attachment relationships, it was subservient working with her coming from the transactional analysis framework emphasizing relations inevitably both current and in the archaic ego, emphasizing Js need for security and protection experienced within a relationship18. superstar of the most difficult issues relative to providing care for J was to nurture her committal to unequivocal change, as considered a fundamental principle of transactional analysis based integrative therapy19 as J demonstrated oppositional and defiant behaviours on a regular basis.Js continual behaviour issues emphasized the need for working with her as a role model and mentor rather than being directly confrontational with her regarding her dysfunctional behaviour or unfitting thinking. This emphasized keeping control of Js life in her hands, considered by research as critical for survivors of sexual abuse20. research demonstrates that compounding therapy in the foster setting can reduce stress for the child and caregiver, increase the development of positive attachment relationships and corresponds with an increase in positive behavioural change21.While the interaction with J was a positive, albeit difficult one, upon reflection, however, one major change would have been to mutually establish Js goals for growth into an integrated and intact adult. This would have helped establish a al-Qaida and framework for working together.BibliographyAlfaro, Jose, Fein, Edith, Fine, Paul, Halfon, Neal, Irwin, Martin, Nickman, Steven, Pilowsky, Daniel K., Rosenfeld, Alvin A., Saletsky, Ronald, Simms, Mark D. Thorpe, Marilyn. Foster Care An Update. Journal of the American honorary society of barbarian and teen Psychiatry, 1997.Auslander, Wendy F., McMillen, J. Curtis, Munson, Michelle R., Ollie, Marcia T., Scott, Lionel D., Spitznagel, Ed ward L. Zima, Bonnie, T. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Older Youths in the Foster Care System. Journal of the honorary society of Child and immature Psychiatry, 2005.Baird, Frank. A Narrative Context for Conversations with Adult Survivors of childhood internal Abuse. Progress Family Systems Research and Therapy, 1996.Black, James E., Haight, Wendy L. Kagle, Jill Doner. Understanding and sustenance put forward-Child Relationships during Foster Care Visits Attachment speculation and Research. Social Work, 2003.Chamberlain, Patricia, Fisher, Philip A., Gunnar, Megan R. Reid, John B. Preventive disturbance for Maltreated Children Impact on Childrens Behaviour, Neuroendocrine Activity, and Foster Parent Functioning. Journal of the American honorary society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000.Cicchetti, Diane Toth, Sheree L. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Abuse and Neglect. Journal of the American honorary society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1995.Erskine, Richard G. A Gestalt Therapy Approach to Shame and Self-Righteousness Theory and Methods. The British Gestalt Journal, 1995.Green, Arthur H. Child inner Abuse Immediate and Long-Term make and Intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993.Oates, R. Kim, OToole, Brian L., Swanston, Heather Tebbutt, Jennifer. Five Years after Child intimate Abuse Persisting Dysfunction and Problems of Prediction. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997.OReilly-Knapp, Marye Erskine, Richard G. Core Concepts of an endogenetic Transactional Analysis. Transactional Journal, 2003.tabernacle, Susannah. Transactional Analysis Philosophy, Principles and Practice. Temple Index of Functional Fluency, 2006. Retrieved from http//www.functionalfluency.com/articles_resources/Philosophy_Principles_Practice.pdf Cited 10 September 2007.Yancey, Antoinette, K. Building Positive Self-Image in Adolescents in Foster Care. Adolesc ence, 1998.Footnotes1 J. Alfaro, E. Fein, P. Fine, N. Halfon, M. Irwin, S. Nickman, D. J. Pilowsky, A. A. Rosenfeld, R. Saletzky, M. D. Sims M. Thorpe, Foster Care AN Update, Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2 Alfaro et al.3 Alfaro et al.4 A. H. Green. Child Sexual Abuse Immediate and Long-Term Effects and Intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993.5 D. Cicchetti S. L. Toth. A developmental psychopathology perspective on child abuse and neglect. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1995.6 Cicchetti Toth.7 W. F. Auslander, J. C. McMillen, M. R. Munson, M. T. Ollie, L. D. Scott, E. L. Spitznagel B. T. Zima. Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Older Youths in the Foster Care System. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.8 A. K. Yancey. Building Positive Self-Image in Adolescents in Foster Care. Adolescence, 1998.9 Yancey.10 J. E. Black, W. L. Haight J. D. Kagle. Understanding and Supporting Parent-Child Relationships during Foster Care Visits Attachment Theory and Research. Social Work, 2003.11 P. Chamberlain, P. A. Fisher, M. R. Gunnar J. B. Reid. Preventive Intervention for Maltreated Preschool Children Impact on Childrens Behavior, Neuroendocrine Activity, and Foster Parent Functioning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2000. The limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis shows different responses on maltreated children, disabling their ability to regulate their emotions appropriately following the developmental disruption.12 R. K. Oates, B. L. OToole, H. Swanston J. Tebbutt. Five Years after Child Sexual Abuse Persisting Dysfunction and Problems of Prediction. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997.13 Black, Haight Kagle.14 Oates et al.15 S. Temple. Transactional Analysis Philosophy, Principles and Practice. Temple Index of Functional Fluency. Retrieve d from http//www.functionalfluency.com/articles_resources/Philosophy_Principles_Practice, 2006.16 A. H. Green. Child Sexual Abuse Immediate and Long-Term Effects and Intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1993.17 Green.18 M. OReilly-Knapp R. G. Erskine. Core Concepts of an Integrative Transactional Analysis. Institute for Integrative Psychotherapy. Retrieved from http//www.integrativetherapy.com/en/articles.php?id=40.19 OReilly-Knapp Erskine.20 F. Bard. A Narrative Context for Conversations with Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Progress Family Systems Research and Therapy, 1996.21 Chamberlain et al.

Importance of Parental Involvement with Students Essay -- parent-teach

In schools today, there is a growing invite for strong home-to-school connections. Students are faced with ever-increasing decisions and they need a strong leap out system to fall back on, which would be their parents. Geert Driessen (2005) nominated that maternal exponentiation is being seen as an important strategy for reaching the best prime(a) of education that is possible in schools. He also state that the main objective for teachers should be to expand the social and cognitive capacities of the scholars. With expanding the social and cognitive capacities of the schoolchilds the teachers are able to incorporate into their lessons about learning about intent lessons and what the children will need to learn to survive in today?s world. With parental involvement the parents are able to continue the education at opportunities that teachers may never have with the students. Alyssa Gonzalez-DeHass (2005) went to state that there is a Brobdingnagian benefit from the rel ationship betwixt parental involvement and the many motivational constructs, which include school engagement, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, perceived competence, perceived control, self-regulation, restraint goal orientation, and the motivation to read. When parents set a good role homunculus for their children they are more likely to achieve the motivational constructs that are listed above. As educators in the 21st century, it is very easy to look at the state of schools in the present and to compare then with schools from twenty years ago. Geert Driessen (2005) stated that the importance of education should be on working with the parents to strengthen the cooperation between schools and parents and with that the teacher and the parents are creating many more learning opportuniti... ...nal achievement. The British educational Research Journal, 31 (4), 509-532Gonzalez-DeHass, Alyssa. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivati on. The Educational Psychology Review, 17 (2), 99-123.Griffith, J. (1997). Relation of parental involvement, empowerment, and school traits to student academic performance. The Journal of Educational Research, 90 (1), 33-41.Kelly, S. (2001). Do increased levels of parental involvement account for social class difference in incubate placement? Reports/Research, (143), 2-25.Lazar, A. & Slostad, F. (1999, March-April). How to overcome obstacles to parent-teacher partnerships. Clearing House, 72, 206. Retrieved March 29, 2006, from Academic Search selected database.Machen, S. (2003). Parental involvement in the classroom. The Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32 (1), 13-16.

Free Native Son Essays: Naturalism and Determinism :: Native Son Essays

Naturalism and Determinism in infixed parole   "Today larger Thomas and that jam atomic number 18 strangers, yet they scorn. They scorn beca determination they business organisation, and they fear because they chance that the deepest feelings of their lives argon being assaulted and outraged. And they do not grapple why they are powerless pawns in a blind laugher of affectionate forces." This conversion epitomizes for Richard Wright, the most radical effects of criminal racial situation in America. However, perhaps the most important role of this public life is the way in which it embodies Wrights overall philosophy of Naturalism or well-disposed Realism. The naturalist stead in the qualifying is evident through the use of the most pivotal features of Naturalism. The passage also echoes the most crucial features of Determinism. viz. fear, hate and mob mentality. In a critical analysis of this passage there are many single pronounces to dissect . One such phrase is, "They hate...." The hatred that is matte by the white mob is a overlap of their guilt. It is the guilt want that of Mr. Dalton that is so strong that he tries to "undo it in a means as nave as dropping a penny in a blind mans cup." Wright further speaks of this guilt when gook states, "The Thomas family got sad and the Dalton family got rich. And Mr. Dalton, a decent man, tried to salve his feelings by giving money. But, my friend, aureate was not enough Corpses cannot be bribed Say to yourself Mr. Dalton, I offered my missy as a burnt sacrifice and it was not enough to labor back into its fray this thing that haunts me." This statement embodies the very core of social reality of the time, and in essence, Social Realism. "They fear...." What fear is Wright speaking of? Wright speaks of the fear that some(prenominal) the blacks and the whites feel. Biggers fear and hate is a direct result of the way he sees society. Bi gger sees in a garish light the failure of his society. He sees its cultural and semipolitical ideals and promises, and he refuses to accept the compromises that most individuals make for wide self-preservation (as was in Bessies case.) The whites fear is different. They fear loosing the power and control that they have over the blacks. The whites believe that if they condemn the socioeconomic state of the black they will, in essence, be compromising their croupe of power.Free Native Son Essays Naturalism and Determinism Native Son Essays Naturalism and Determinism in Native Son   "Today Bigger Thomas and that mob are strangers, yet they hate. They hate because they fear, and they fear because they feel that the deepest feelings of their lives are being assaulted and outraged. And they do not know why they are powerless pawns in a blind play of social forces." This passage epitomizes for Richard Wright, the most radical effects of criminal racial situation in America. However, perhaps the most important role of this passage is the way in which it embodies Wrights overall philosophy of Naturalism or Social Realism. The naturalist perspective in the passage is evident through the use of the most crucial features of Naturalism. The passage also echoes the most crucial features of Determinism. namely fear, hate and mob mentality. In a critical analysis of this passage there are many single phrases to dissect. One such phrase is, "They hate...." The hatred that is felt by the white mob is a product of their guilt. It is the guilt like that of Mr. Dalton that is so strong that he tries to "undo it in a manner as nave as dropping a penny in a blind mans cup." Wright further speaks of this guilt when Max states, "The Thomas family got poor and the Dalton family got rich. And Mr. Dalton, a decent man, tried to salve his feelings by giving money. But, my friend, gold was not enough Corpses cannot be bribed Say to yourself Mr . Dalton, I offered my daughter as a burnt sacrifice and it was not enough to push back into its grave this thing that haunts me." This statement embodies the very core of social reality of the time, and in essence, Social Realism. "They fear...." What fear is Wright speaking of? Wright speaks of the fear that both the blacks and the whites feel. Biggers fear and hate is a direct result of the way he sees society. Bigger sees in a garish light the failure of his society. He sees its cultural and political ideals and promises, and he refuses to accept the compromises that most individuals make for simple self-preservation (as was in Bessies case.) The whites fear is different. They fear loosing the power and control that they have over the blacks. The whites believe that if they correct the socioeconomic state of the black they will, in essence, be compromising their seat of power.

The Return of the Jedi :: essays research papers

The Return of the Jedi     So far this semester, we have stu leadd several(prenominal) different sociologicaltheories of godliness. These theories are built on both the cognise history of religions in the world and the cultures in which they originated, as well as, appropriately enough, theoretical suggestions of how those religions, and indeed some(prenominal) religion at all, will stretch out in the future. The theory I find the most trueis ascetic and Bainbridges in The Future of Religion, although I like someelements from former(a)s, like Bergers concepts of depersonalisation and secularization.     George Lucass Star Wars trilogy, apart from being incrediblyentertaining and extremely well-made, gives us a complete portrait of a society(The Empire) and a religion (Jediism, for lack of a better term). Although themovies are mostly devoted to the increment of the characters, throughout thetrilogy we see the society change in a drastic manner. This paper will examinethe history of Jediism, the current (as of the end of the last(a) movie) status ofthe religion, and offer some suggestions as to what we can expect from Jediismin the future.          I. The Religion     To examine the future of religion as it relates to society, virtuoso must(prenominal)first have an idea of the tenets and beliefs on which the religion is based.Jediism is based simply on belief in the "force", a "Universal heftiness field thatsurrounds us and permeates us". (O. Kenobi, SW) Stark and Bainbridge make thepoint that any religion based on magic or magic-like rituals is fated to die outunless the magic can work constantly and consistently. This, they argue, is why many a(prenominal) religions change from bright magic, which is quite verifiable (Did he,in fact, levitate?) to promising compensators, a sort of unverifiable magic. Agood example of this is the Chris tian Heaven. Stark and Bainbridge take it as agiven, however, that magic, or abilities that parallel magic, do not, in fact,exist. This makes an attempt to theorize about the future of Jediism moredifficult, since the religion is based, in part, on the belief that oneness withthe "force" has the ability to contribute extraordinary powers to individuals-- abelief than is vindicated numerous times throughout the series.     The internal organization of the religion is, apparently, entirelynonexistant. There is no leader, nor is there any defined structure. Much likeclassical Taoism, various get the hang exist, and students and supplicants must seekout a master on their deliver in order to learn. There is no hierarchy to advance in,other than the ability to eventually hone ones faith to a degree that one can

A Journey Through Writing :: essays research papers

Writing is and essential part of communication in our society. Soon after children argon taught the letters that make up our English lyric, they are taught the bedrock of formatting them into effective composing. On the job, usu tout ensembley no matter what it is we usually cant escape the create verbally application, and we almost al tracks find ourselves in a position which warrants the use of victuals communication skills. Among theses common forms of pen, others are integrated within the daily lives of mint around the world. Some people choose to keep journals as a permanent hardcopy of their existence, and others like to write professionally. No matter what the occasion, there are always a few basics that can make your writing better understood, and much openly accepted.In this essay I impart search some of the various writings that I have done, and differentiate and contrast them to some of the more(prenominal) than formal writing laws that have been bestowed u pon the craft. The modest bought the bat. Such a simple sentence that I have written so many times in the past in my more youthful days. Sentences like this at the time seem like wasted practice exercises, and they are. But when we grow up (literally speaking) and face the real world, we perform to appreciate the process greatly. In that sentence we have all the basics or written communication, and then some. Amongst the noun and subject and so on, you find alliteration for example. Alliteration, when used correctly can be a powerful way to enhance your writing, and make it seem more sophisticated. And thats what everyone wants to do right, get off as intelligently as possible.Lets explore that in a little more depth. When I am writing on an assignment, or some other formal type of writing, the title is usually much different. For example I dont try to use calculate techniques and a whole lot of jargon to sound good, I nevertheless write. On the flip side, I dont like using p oor language and slang terms in formal writing. It just seems to be more appropriate the way that I do it. But, there is a limit. For instance, the more technical terms and jargon that you insert the more people that you kick out and possibly turn off from your work. Most likely if you are facial expression in a dictionary or a thesaurus all of the time, other people will have to do the same, and most would quite a not go through the trouble.

Paradise by Toni Morrison Essay examples -- Papers Paradise Toni Morri

Paradise by Toni MorrisonThroughout many of Toni Morrison?s novels, the plot is reinforced rough some conflict for her characters to overcome. Paradise, in particular, uses the relationships between women as a means of reaching this desired end. Paradise, a novel centered around the destruction of a convent and the women in it, corroborates this idea by showing how this build serves as a haven for dejected women (Smith). The bulk of the novel takes adjust during and after WWII and focuses on an all black town in Oklahoma. It is through with(predicate) the course of the novel that we see Morrison weave the bonds of women into the text as a means of healing the scars inflicted upon her characters in their respective societies. Paradise deals with the lives of dejected women and the support group the women form for each other. Morrison draws attention to this key issue by removing the element of race from the novel, a heavy contrast to her earlier overworks, by not allowing the reader to know the races of the women. Thus the relationships present throughout the work can be seen strictly through the contrast between the scurrilous and damaging relationships found outside of the convent to the supportive and loving ones in the convent. This removal of race also allows us to see the bigger picture, which is not laid by race (Smith). By examining the relationships in the novel, we see two apparent arenas dealing with personal identity and the women, which is the world outside of the convent, and the convent. Before reaching the convent, identity for the women is a broken notion in which the men they associate with dictate. The set-back woman we are introduced to is Mavis. Her relationship with her husband is an example of the type of obsequiousness c... ...998Nelson, Bredin. Women?s Friendships.http//hss.fullerton.edu/womens/bredin/spring99/fr Online. 16. November. 1999. Radicalesbians. ?The Woman Identified Woman.? http//scriptorium.lib.duke .edu/wlm/womid/ Online. 16. November. 1999.Shorter-Gooden, Kamea & Washington, N. Shenell. ?YoungBlack and female The Challenge of weaving an identity.? Journal of Adolescents July 1995 19. 466.Smith, Dinitia. ?Not Categorizing Characters by Race?http//englishlit.about.com/ humanities/englishlit/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http//www.nytimes.com/books/98/01/11/home/morrison.html Online. 16. November. 1999.Toni Morrison reproofhttp//www.pathfinder.com/time/community/transcripts/chattr012198.html Online. 16. November. 1999.Traustadottir, Rannveig. Gender patterns in friendships.http//web.syr.edu/thechp/genpat.htm Online. 16. November. 1999.

Citizen Journalism Essay -- Analysis, Joan Cornell

Joan Cornell notes that the Internet democratizes the journalism which was in the hand of the a few(prenominal) people (2003). The Internet makes the public access to information at the corresponding time, it creates the public to be journalists, opening blogs to put something innovative around on the Internet. Many intelligence activity websites like The Guardian, the Washington Post, CNN and MSNBC allows some personification. The journalism at present is facing challenges not only from media and technology convergence, but also from auditory sense they serve (Bowman and Willis 2003). For example, in MSNBCs my MSN part, one can post intelligence by yourself. While the audience be participating in the put to work of journalism with the aid of the Internet, it cannot be neglected by mainstream media. The personification does not just mean service customised, but also to a greater extent perspectives are evolved in the news event, as noted by Watts Wacker (2002). Many media si tes online brook been founded with different aims mentioned, but their appearance demonstrates that the age of we media comes. OhmyNews International (OMNI), originating from Korea, defines itself as multinational journalists (OhmyNews online site). OMNI is a bit different from OhmyNews, because it concentrates more on reporting citizen journalism, which is more like guidance for people to get a better taste about citizen journalism. They treat themselves as a bridge between media and Internet, where the normal can participate in conversations about news and trust the ancestor of news. Even though creating a platform for the ordinary to be set aside news, they need to obey the rule of journalism that is to state clear the rise of news and make sure the credibility. Besides the ordinary, curators are recruited to post news about ... ...ernative to mainstream journalism, but can never replace it. With the emergence of citizen journalism, tralatitious journalism can develop in the environment of more competitors and watchdogs. It is necessary that citizen journalism is rising as another forceful power in the media industry. With democratization of traditional media, interactivity and watchdog as its characteristics, citizen journalism treats itself as new journalists. Citizen journalism makes news making process transparency, namely available to all. objurgate now, no one can predict the position citizen journalism in the media industry in the future, but in this changing environment as online journalism is becoming essential, citizen journalism can play an alternative use for the public to access news. What is more important is that it drives the public to actively bring news and judge the news.

Venus Essay -- essays research papers

genus Venus, the indorsement planet from the Sun, is the hottest world in the solar system. It is blanketed by a dim atmosphere that heats its step forward like the inside of a glasshouse. But with a go on temperature of almost 900 degrees Fahrenheit (480 C), this place is no garden early(a) than its atmosphere, Venus is so similar to Earth that it is sometimes called Earths sister planet. Its diameter and mass are almost identical to Earths. Why, then, is it so hot? The "greenhouse effect" on Venus is caused by its atmosphere. Energy from the Sun passes with the atmosphere to the planets surface, where it is absorbed and reradiated at longer wavelengths (as heat). Venus atmosphere traps these longer wavelengths so they cannot escape into space. The trapped heat builds up, so the planet grows hotter and hotter. The same amour happens in an automobile on a hot day. Sunlight comes by dint of the windows and warms the inside of the car, but the heat is trapped. Even th ough Venus orbit brings it enveloping(prenominal) to Earth than any other planet, its blanket of clouds kept much of Venus a mystery. But space probes sent by the Soviet inwardness and the United States, as well as studies with ground-based radio detection and ranging, have allowed astronomers to "see" the surface of Venus for the first time. The first exploration of Venus by radar was in 1962. It revealed that Venus spins backward on its axis. If you could stand on the surface of Venus, and if you could see the Sun through the cloud cover, i...

Essay --

Ilmu pengetahuan tanpa nilai-nilai yang mulia belum tentu dapat melahirkan masyarakat yang baik dan berjaya. Nilai-nilai yang mulia tanpa ilmu pengetahuan juga tidak akan melahirkan masyarakat yang berjaya. Begitulah ungkapan kata-kata bestari oleh mantan Perdana Menteri kita, Tun Dr. Mahathir stash away Mohamad, Bapa Pemodenan Negara yang merupakan salah satu daripada pencetus kegemilangan dunia pendidikan negara.Selamat pagi dan Salam 1 Malaysia saya ucapkan kepada Pengerusi Majlis,Yang Amat Berhormat Datuk Johan Ashaari bin Murti, Menteri Pendidikan merangkap Timbalan Perdana Menteri.Yang Berhormat Datuk Romario Ansam anak Rungah, Timbalan Menteri Pendidikan. Yang Amat Berhormat Pehin Sri Maher Zain, Ketua Menteri. Yang Berhormat Freddy Jabu anak Jugah, Timbalan Ketua Menteri.Yang Berhormat Datuk Halimah, Menteri Tugas-tugas Khas Dalam Negeri berkaitan Pendidikan. Yang Berhormat Datuk-datuk dan Datin-datin. Yang Berbahagia Datuk Ariffin Faiq, Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan.Yang Berbah agia Datuk Sabri bin Rahmat, Rektor IPGM.Yang Dihormati Encik Hafiz Azman, Pengarah Pendidikan Negeri.Yang Berusaha Puan Saftuyah binti Safri, Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman.Pengarah-pengarah IPGK dan Wakil-wakil Pengarah IPGK.Yang Berusaha Encik Amir bin Jamal, Timbalan Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman.Ketua-ketua Jabatan Persekutuan dan Negeri.Ketua-ketua Jabatan dan Ketua-ketua Unit Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman.Pensyarah-pensyarah Kanan.Para Pensyarah.Staf-staf Sokongan.Para Graduan.Para Ibu Bapa.Tuan-tuan dan Puan-puan dekat di hati.Tegak rumah kerana tiangnya, tegak bumi kerana paksinya, tegaknya saya di sini adalah untuk menyampaikan sebuah pidato yang bertajuk Kecemerla... ...rutera, peguam dan sebagainya wujud di dunia ini. Setuju atau tidak puan-puan? Dan untuk memacu pertumbuhan pembangunan di negara ini, aspek pendidikan hendaklah ditikberatkan sebab pendidikan jugalah yang berperanan dalam mengangkat nilai budaya, tamadun dan peradaban bangsa ke suatu peringkat yang lebih tinggi dan global. Oleh itu, kelengkapan dan prasarana pendidikan perlulah disediakan untuk mencapai hasrat murni kerajaan yang menggunung tinggi.Seperti apa yang telah diperkatakan oleh ahli falsafah Yunani iaitu Plato, beliau menyatakan pendidikan ialah asas pembangunan dan untuk mempertahankan keharmonian sesuatu bangsa seseorang itu sendiri. Hadirin yang dihormati, pada hemat saya, falsafah yang telah dinyatakan oleh Plato tersebut tidak jauh dengan falsafah pendidikan yang telah digariskan oleh Kementerian Pelajaran dan Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia.

Port of Ostia During a Tempest by Leonardo Carlo Coccorante Essay examp

As I stood staring at the beautifully detailed oil-on-canvas painting, my bew are began racing, conjuring up random stories behind all the people, the place, and the weather in this painting. This painting, titled Port of Ostia During a Tempest by Leonardo Carlo Coccorante, is secret code more than just a legend portrayed on a canvas and its words, the oils, are scattered all over it, depicting a story ab forbidden a populous port going by some horrible weather and the people experiencing it first-hand. The interactions between the people are perfectly portrayed and from each one a different story can be contrivedeach sharing the subject of the grim weather. The amount of detail in this scenic painting is overwhelming thus, unnumbered thoughts rush the mind when carefully analyse every little class of this painting.One basic point that I dwelled on while studying the painting was the lighting and the way Coccorante seemed to separate the painting in one-half with the contrast ing dark and light. The dark half shows two suffering boats out at sea being caught up in the tempest, while the sparkle side shows the caravans of people that have made it out alive onto the bring and rocks. As for the people caught in the middle of the light and dark, they are seen attempt to make their way off the boat and it appears as if theyre hard to step into the light and away from the dark. One can deduce that the station in the middle has recently harbored next to the rock site since the volume of the people in the painting can be found atop the rocks the impressions of relief on their faces point to the idea that they have just perfect unloading themselves from the docked ship and have found safety among these rocks.On the early(a) hand, the paintin... ...ifferent times of observation. It just goes to show you that according to Hume and psychological topics (mostly relating to the cerebral cortex) the oldish saying, we begin by being foolish and we become wise by experience, can be directly related to life and to our quest of knowledge. Works CitedGladwell, Malcolm. Blink the Power of Thinking Without Thinking. New York Little,Brown and Company, 2005. 14..Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. 2003. Project Gutenberg. 27 Sept. 2006.Instituto De Fisiologia Celular. A Close Look to the rational Cortex. About.Com. 28Sept. 2006 .Wikipedia. Malcolm Gladwell. Wikipedia.Org. 19 Sept. 2006. 28 Sept. 2006

Mise-en scene :: Free Essays

Mise-en scene The literal translation of the word mise en scene means, to confide on stage or placing of a scene, and is uptaked to see those visual aspects that appear within a single shot. These definitions are derived from the language of the theatre additional means have been added in recent years to cave in the term in the cinema, the more open definition now excessively encompasses sound. Ira Konigsberg defines mise en scene, in The complete dart dictionary as Mise en scene, in discussions of film, refers to the composition of the individual film, the relation of objects, people and people the interplay of light and dark the pattern of colour the cameras position and angle of view, as well as the movement within the frame. The use of mise en scene in films is now often registered as the imprint that the manager puts upon their cinematic vision, the totality of how the director designs and actuates given scenes. The many areas they fall i nto world Setting is usually perceived as a signifier of authenticity, such as the stake where the events are happening, they are a constructed setting for action. oft settings are invented, they do not exist, and are set in the prospective or space, films such as Star Wars or the Fifth Element. Locations great deal not only be recognised and help us to place the characters within a film, just now throne also through the film itself create their own space and meaning. Props are devices for conveying meaning which films are dependent upon. They are definers of genre, examples of which are weapons in action films. They can also however become unique signifiers of meaning in a particular film, while all scenes are constructed around numerous props, our attendance is often attracted to a particular significant one by the use of close up or dialogue. This shows the significance of the objects, we know that thy will be important in the narrative. C ostume and Make-up these are variants of props but are tightly

Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The ordain of reply is a measure of how fast something happens. We burn find the measure of chemical answer by measuring the change that happens in a set compass point of time.Introduction------------The rate of reaction is a measure of how fast something happens. Wecan find the rate of reaction by measuring the change that happens ina set period of time. Many factors can fix the rate of reactionthe density of the reactants is one of them. In the followingexperiments we will investigate how the intentness of the reactantsaffect the rate of reaction. To do this we will use the reactionbetween milligram and hydrochloric erosive. GRAPHI will measure the rate of reaction by timing how long the reactiontakes.Aim- I am trying to find out how an increase/decrease in concentrationof the acid affects the rate of reaction in magnesium strips.PredictionI predict that as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases thetime taken for the magnesium t o dissolve will decrease. I also thinkthat when the concentration of the acid doubles the rate of reactionwill also double.Collision conjectureThe collision theory is how the rate of reaction increases when theconcentration of hydrochloric acid increases.In the reaction firstly all of the particles in the reactingsubstances must clash. They must collide with a certain sum ofenergy called activation energy, this must be legislateed for the reactionto take place. If the particles do not reach this required amount ofenergy there will not be any fortunate collisions and therefore thereaction will not take place. If the particles do reach the requiredamount of energy a reaction will poop out place and as the number ofcollisions increase the reaction speeds up.The more laborious the reactants the larger the number ofsuccessful collisions between the particles. This explains why thelargest rate of reaction is usually as soon as the reactants have beenmixed together, this mean they a re both at their highestconcentrations.High concentration Low concentration(18cm HCL + 2cm HO) (6cm HCL + 14cm HO)The temperature in this investigation will not affect the rate ofreaction because throughout the investigation it will stay at roomtemperature. If the temperature was to change during the experiment itwould effect the rate of reaction by speeding it up if the temperatureincreased because the particles move a lot prompt and travel a larger

The Death Penalty is a Just and Proper Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Death Penalty Crime Essays

The Death Penalty is a Just and Proper PunishmentThe thought process of putting a nonher valet to death is hard to completely fathom. The sensible mechanics involved in the act of execution are light(a) to grasp, but the emotions involved in carrying out a death blame on another person, regardless of how much they deserve it, is beyond my protest understanding. I know it must be painful, dehumanizing, and sickening. However, this act is sometimes requisite and it is our responsibility as a society to see that it is done.Opponents of capital penalization arrest basically four arguments. The first is that there is a calamity of erroneousness. However, the chancethat there might be an error is separate from the turn off of whether thedeath penalty can be justified or not. If an error does occur, and aninnocent person is executed, then the problem lies in the court system,not in the death penalty. Furtherto a greater extent, most activities in our world, inwhich humans are in volved, possess a possibility of injury or death. Construction, sports, driving, and air pass all offer the possibility ofaccidental death even though the highest levels of precautions are taken. These activities continue to take place, and continue to occasionally takehuman lives, because we have all decided, as a society, that theadvantages outweigh the unintended loss. We have also decided that theadvantages of having dangerous murderers removed from our society outweighthe losses of the offender. The second argument against capital penalty is that it is partial in its administration. Statistics understand that the poor andminorities are more likely to receive the death penalty. at once again, thisis a separate issue. It cant be disputed sadly, the rich are more likely to get off with alesser sentence, and this prepossession is wrong. However, this is only anotherproblem of our current court system. The racial and economic bias is nota valid argument against the death pena lty. It is an argument against thecourts and their unfair system of sentencing. The third argument is actually a rebuttal to a claim made by somesupporters of the death penalty. The claim is that the flagellum of capitalpunishment reduces violent crimes. Opponents of the death penalty do notagree and have a valid argument when they say, The claims that capitalpunishment reduces violent crime is inconclusive and certainly notproven. I am not refuting this accusation. In fact, statistics show that thedeath penalty neither lowers or raises the incidence of violent crimes.

Essay example --

The Rise, the Fall, and the rise The Native Ameri earth-closet ExperienceEducation the act or unconscious process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. Such a term has antithetic applications to unhomogeneous societies and cultures. The typical ego-centric viewpoint of Western upbringing textbooks, institutions, curriculums, and degrees overshadow the broader mavin of this definition. Education captures a wider lens of more than just standardized essay scores and the classroom but interwoven tapestries of ancestral roots, pagan inheritance aw areness, and life lessons well-learned and passed on to the next generation of Native American boys and girls. To startle with, the branding of gender inequality was inapplicable to men and women in various Aboriginal tribes. In fact, they could be described as a chemical attraction with mutual contribut ion and expectance. Men were responsible for hunting and defense thereof they were public representatives of their tribes. Women, on the other hand, functioned as the backbone of the community, witnessing the familys housing and household goods, farming and gathering of foodstuffs, and even serving as members of the talk over in political matters. Such opportunities and skills were passed down to their offspring, who would be raised as productive members in their collectivist society with a strong cultural heritage and confidence in their identity that promised self-efficacy among the sexes.This leads us to the closely all important(p) role that both genders shared instruction and education. Again, setting aside our own view of education, both men and women served as teachers, or storytellers orally... ...ircle and theres zero you can do about it (Alexie 163).The reused books, the recycled mentality-it is all a harsh cycle that most Native Americans at present feel theres no thing you can do about it. Taking a retrospective sapidity into the differences in females and males, we find that women have proven to be leaders, both in front and after assimilation. But even at present, Native American women are the high-profiled victims of physical and sexual abuse, addiction, and pregnancies. Yet, they fuel their hope and future through education adopting the Western view and reconnecting with their own cultural foundation. Men, also in the install of Alexie, struggle among the disparaging HUD homes, the painfully accessible bottle, and failure, but if there is a word that will conclude the rise, the fall, and the climbing of the Native Americans, resiliency is the word.