International HR Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International HR Management - Essay Example International human resource management builds on the tenets of human resource management by having a consideration on what the human resource concepts mean in different nations of the world. This has been necessitated by the fact that as companies and organizations become international in nature, the issues touching on national culture, institutions and systems can hinder a seamless or functioning human resource and employment relations that are present across the national boundaries (Edwards and Rees 2006, p.45). Therefore, it can be stated that the need for people involved in human resource management to adopt an increasingly international approach cannot be gainsaid. This is important not just to people involved in the big multinational enterprises but also to those running small and medium-sized enterprises that are present across national boundaries. ... India In 2009, India had the second largest population in the world with a population of 1.2 billion and it is the tenth largest economy world-wide in terms of the Gross Development Product (GDP) with the fourth largest purchasing power parity (Kohli and Singh 2013, p. 189). According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), India is ranked at number 141 in terms of per-capita- revenue basis based on the GDP and 130 in purchasing power parity in the year 2012. Being the third largest economy in the world when measured in terms of the purchasing power parity, India is a preferred destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) attracting inflows of U.S. $ 36.5 billion in the year 2011 alone. Soon after independence in 1947, India’s economy was based on both features of capitalism and socialism that entailed interventionist policies and other policies aimed at substituting imports that was to blame for the corruption and failure in the implementation of the policies. However, f rom 1991 India’s economy has been based on liberal and free-market economy policies that have led to the increases in per-capita incomes of India. It is important to note that the taker-off of the economy of India has been largely due to the infrastructural projects taken by successive regimes since 1991. The labour force in India is made of about 500 million people employed in the major industries such as agriculture made up of 52%, industries taking up 14% and services made up of 34% of those employed according to the estimates in 2009. Most Indians are employed in the major industries mainly in textiles, chemicals, food processing, cement, mining and petroleum while

Contrast of the Two Articles Essay Example for Free

Contrast of the Two Articles Essay When comparing the two articles, more comparison was on the view point of social responsibility but the contrast of the two articles focuses more on aspect of business ethics. Drucker spends far more time finding out the meaning of business ethics, and as stated earlier he breaks it down into more of different types of samples and other meanings than just the overall view of business ethics. Again, Freidman’s view was more on social responsibility being the term that faces and encourages business ethics, but what I found interesting was a little excerpt from George, (1999) in his titled book â€Å"Business Ethics,† here George is explaining the issues that approach business ethics, and even though this quote was used earlier in the writing, he states â€Å"some point out that self-interest would still require a business to obey the law and adhere to basic moral rules, because the consequences of failing to do so could be very costly in fines, loss of licensure, or company reputation. The noted economist Milton Freidman was a leading proponent of this view (George, 1999). â€Å" If this is the case, then it is noted that Freidman was a view point on that ethical decisions are made on the basis of consequences and not just on their social responsibility to their company and their actions. Now one could argue in depth that it is ones social responsibility to adhere to basic moral rules and the consequences that follow. But the contrast is that while Drucker believes that business ethics comes from one’s social responsibility to himself and his kingdom, Casuistry, â€Å"Business ethics undoubtedly is a close parallel to casuistry. Its basic thesis that ethics for the ruler, and especially for the business executive, has to express â€Å"social responsibility† is exactly the starting point of the Casuist. But if â€Å"business ethics† is casuistry, then it will not last long-and long before it dies, it will have become a tool of the business executive to justify what for other people would be unethical behavior, rather than a tool to restrain the business executive and to impose tight ethical limits on business (Drucker, 1970). † Conclusion So what does this all mean? My view on the contrast is that one is using the philosophy that business ethics is based on decisions and behavior from Drucker’s standpoint, to the contrast that, business ethics is based on consequences of certain business situations. Business ethics is broader in its term and uses more than just right and wrong in business aspects. There are far more things that cause business ethics to be a stable-ford in the business world. One’s behavior and responsiveness to situations is a main component to business ethics but that can’t be the determining factor when trying to pursue the actual meaning and how it affects a business. And even when social responsibility is a main component to business ethics and is quite equal on some aspects of the term, there will always be the argument that if it leans towards someone’s responsibility, is the decisions that are being made ethical, and if so is it more towards the person’s responsibility to society or to one’s business? References 1. Carroll, A. B. , Buchholtz, Ann K. (2006) Business society: Ethics and stakeholder management Mason, Ohio: South-Western ISBN: 0324225814 2. George, Richard T. de (1999). Business Ethics. Prentice Hall Publishing, ISBN: 01307977723 3. Drucker, P. (1970) What Is Business Ethics New York, N. Y. New York Times Magazine pp. 32-33, 122-124, 126

Essay --

Candide is a famous French satire written by French philosopher, Voltaire. In this satire, Voltaire humorously ridicules Leibniz’s belief of optimism, the violence the military employ during war and the hypocrisy of religion. This essay aims to describe some of the techniques that Voltaire uses to satirize Leibniz through the character of Pangloss, the military through the Bulgarian War, and religious figures through the hypocrisy of the Grand Inquisitor and the Friar, showing how the humor is achieved in the description of the characters. One of the ‘important’ figures Voltaire satirizes would be Leibniz and his theory of philosophical optimism. According to Leibniz, we live in â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† and Voltaire ridicules this in his novel by introducing the character of Pangloss who also believed that â€Å"things cannot be otherwise than they are: for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the best end.† (Chapter 1, p1) Throughout this novel, no matter the misfortunes Pangloss encounters, he would defend optimism by claiming, â€Å"all is for the best† then continue to justify the possible reasons for such an occurrence. One prominent example would be when Pangloss had unfortunately contracted syphilis from Paquetta, yet he reasoned that â€Å"it was a thing unavoidable, a necessary ingredient in the best of worlds; for if Columbus had not caught in an island in America this disease, which contaminates the source of generation, and frequently impedes propagation itself, and is evidently opposed to the great end of nature, we should have had neither chocolate nor cochineal.† (Chapter 4, p8) The foolishness and incessant belief of Pangloss' optimism is thoroughly displayed here as Voltaire uses the technique of irony ... ...ous figures in Candide seem to almost all be corrupted and deceitful with the exception of a few like Jacques, and the characters in Candide seem to be accustomed to such occurrences, displaying little shock at their ‘unholy’ behavior. Such a manner of portraying these characters further enunciates Voltaire’s view on various religious people. In conclusion, through techniques such as irony, exaggeration, parody and understatement, Voltaire effectively satirizes Leibniz, the military and religious figures, mocking Leibniz’s philosophy of optimism, disapproving the brutality of the military and criticizing the hypocrisy of religious figures. Humor was achieved through the irony and exaggeration he cleverly wove into his novel, making it much easier for the readers to swallow despite the novel being highly critical of his modern society, addressing many serious issues.

Frankenstein and Of Mice and men Frankenstein and Of Mice And Men are :: English Literature

Frankenstein and Of Mice and men Frankenstein and Of Mice And Men are different in almost every way. They are written in different times, by different classes Frankenstein and Of Mice and men Frankenstein and Of Mice And Men are different in almost every way. They are written in different times, by different classes of people and in different areas of the world where life is dissimilar to the extreme. The primary characters are nothing like each other, and the books are written in contrasting styles. Frankenstein is about a scientist who inadvertently creates a monster in his pursuits of the reanimation of deceased creatures. It is concerned with the life of the scientist and his anguish when the creature that he has made turns evil, and homicidal. Of Mice And Men is about two migrant ranch worker's quest to actualise the 'American Dream' whilst trying to avoid tribulation on the ranch where they are earning their living. However,there are some similar themes in the two novels, for example, the loneliness ofthe primary characters, and the way society reacts to something that is considered 'atypical' by their standards. In this essay, Frankenstein and Of Mice And Men will be critically compared and contrasted. Themes in the novels will be taken into account, as well as the use of language and the social and historical background to the novels. This will be closed by a conclusion where the main points will be brought up again. Isolation is one of the most frequent occurrences in the two novels. In Of Mice And Men, Lennie is disassociated from the others, not because he wants to be, but because of his low intellect he is considered 'different' by the men on the ranch, and society. This is much like the situation of Frankenstein's monster. Because of his displeasing appearance, he is abhorred by society and forced to live away from it, secluded in forests and so on. '"Finding the door open, I entered. An old man sat in it, near a fire, over which he was preparing his breakfast. He turned on hearing a noise; and perceived me, shrieked loudly, and quitting the hut ran across the fields..."'. Other characters in Of Mice And Men, for example Crooks, are victims of this forced isolation. Crooks is a black man in a predominantly white area. Black people had been brought to America due to the Slave Trade, but even though it was abolished, black people were still seen as slaves, and below white Americans. '"'Cause I'm black. They play cards in there, but I can't play because I'm black. They say I stink."' Another character that is a target for this is Curley's wife.

Personal Philosophy of Mental Health Nursing Essay

Each individual has their own personal philosophy of mental health nursing. Throughout this paper there will be facts, and my personal thoughts. This is including the following topics; mental health, mental illness, continuum of mental health/mental illness, defense mechanisms, therapeutic tools, and self-awareness in the nurse. The words mental health placed together creates a definition of a person’s psychological and well-being of emotions. Each person’s definition may vary, but it boils down to the same raw meaning (Townsend, M. 2014). Mental health is evaluated at each doctor’s visit without the patient even knowing why the nurse or physician are asking certain questions. It is important to know in which state the patient’s emotions and mental health status is for their own safety. Mental illness can vary from mild to severe cases, and can differ per illness. Anxiety, mood disorders, psychotic, and anorexia disorders are just a few classified as mental illnesses. There are early signs of mental illness that one could detect early enough to delay or get a better control on the illness. Withdrawal from others, heightened senses, no desire to have activities with others, extreme beliefs, nervousness, and appetite changes can be early signs of an illness. Many times it is the people surrounding the individual that notices a difference in their behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2014). Nobody will argue that mental health and mental illness are not closely related, they both talk about the persons mind, and the shape the mind is in. One can talk about mental health without mental illness being mentioned because everyone has mental health but not everyone has mental illness. Just the opposite for mental illness. It is not possible for one to say someone has a mental illness without stating their mental health status. Many people get these definitions confused. There are four phases of a therapeutic  nurse-patient relationship: pre-interaction phase, orientation/introductory period, working, and termination phase (Townsend, M. 2014). Rapport, empathy, trust, and respect and requirements for a productive therapeutic nursing-patient relationship. The nurse should build rapport and trust with the patient so they will feel comfortable with the nurse and be more likely to open up. The nurse can use many different communication techniques such as recognition, making observations, focusing, voicing doubt, and exploring just to name a few of the many therapeutic techniques. The nurse should avoid giving advice, probing, defending, or interpreting for the patient, this may cause the patient to shut down and all trust is gone (Bischko, D. 1998). In everyday life we use a wide variety of defense mechanisms to protect our feelings, deflect unwanted situations, and hide our inner thoughts and feelings. Suppression may be felt when one is voluntarily denying unwanted feelings such as losing one’s job and not caring if the bills will be paid. Displacement is when a person’s unwanted feelings are targeted toward a person, situation or object; if a person is upset they may take their anger out on an object and feel better once it is destroyed. Dissociation, idealization, splitting, projection, and denial are also common forms of defense mechanisms (Sommer, S., Johnson, J. 2013). Adaptation is when one can adapt to a situation over time and maladaptation is when adjustment to the situation is not adequate or appropriate. When someone’s mind is not in the best mental health, they may have issues with adaptation to situations or changes. A person with a healthy mind may have some issues coping with certain situations, and it could be assumed that one with a mental illness would have higher difficulty coping (Rippetow, P., Rogers, R. 2012). The nurse-patient relationship should be an interpersonal ongoing relationship to assist the patient in a continuous healing and growing, healthy life. It is the nurse’s duty to help and guide the patient in recovering and be at their highest potential. Nurses must use therapeutic techniques and approaches to influence the patient and keep a healthy  relationship (Therapeutic Communication, 2013). Nurses must have their own philosophy of nursing and know their own beliefs and know not to push their own beliefs of a patient. The nurse must be self-aware when dealing with any patient, especially one with a mental illness. These patients do not always understand personal boundaries and the nurse needs to make sure these boundaries and rules are followed. The nurse needs to know what a patients actions mean even if they are minuet and may not seem like much (Bischko, D. 1998). My idea of mental health is in which what state the person’s emotions, thoughts, and how it affects daily functions. Mental health is how one thinks, processes information and the actions in daily life. Anxiety, and stress are two major factors in everyday life and can affect ones mental health (Townsend, M. 2014). It is how each individual handles the stress of everyday life that can determines their mental health. I consider the individual feeling confident, comfortable in their own skin, hard workers, and ones who socialize are qualities that attribute to mental health. Respecting others and understanding that each person has their own mind and the right to make their own decisions is not always easy to deal with but it is a quality that one will need to survive in life. Self-respect, dealing with the disappointments in life, trusting others, and take responsibility are also important qualities. Mental illness is not different than any other illness or disease. It affects the body and makes it mandatory for medication to treat and if it goes untreated, it can cause damage to the body. Mental illness is not being able to handle everyday life such as stress, and can lead to anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and depression. This illness can be treated by medication and therapy to help the patient cope and teach them how to handle and work through their issues (Townsend, M. 2014). When someone has a mental illness it is not easy for them to work through  even then smallest issues. The patient may resort to cutting their arms or any place on their body, take drugs, or drink alcohol. Sexual, mental, or physical abuse when someone was young could cause problems later in life and can affect their mental health and cause them to develop a mental illness (Townsend, M. 2014). Many people go undiagnosed with mental illness, it is more commonly treated now than it was a few years ago. Every person goes through a mental health continuum, it just depends on the mental health status on how the individual handles the situation. Each person can and will have issues in their life with difficulties but are able to manage the stress that comes along with it. Many people make jokes that they cannot handle their life and they are going crazy but this usually only lasts a short amount of time. Ones with a mental illness do not have short term stress, it is long term and they need outside help to handle the situation (Rippetow, P., Rogers, R. 2012). Freud talks about how childhood trauma, development, sexuality, talking therapy, and medication can affect ones mental health. Freud explains that when a child is sexually abused it can cause the child developmental issues. It leaves the child unable to cope with the guilt and shame, also it leaves the child angry and they may develop trust issues. Freud uses oral, anal, phallic, latency, and adolescent sexuality of phases of development. The individual must reach each phase and pass through the phase to grow and develop (Townsend, M. 2014). At one point and time, it was not acceptable for woman to have sexual thoughts or feelings. They were not allowed to express these feelings, and this could cause anxiety for the women. Freud believed that if the patient could talk to someone they were able to handle the anxiety and stress in their life better. The therapist would listen and help the individual move past their trauma that occurred in childhood. Medication has played a huge role in mental health over the years. Freud had predicted that one day medicine would be discovered, and would help individuals with a mental illness. Many medications have now been discovered to help people whom suffer with mental illness. Medications are able to help these persons to get back to their normal daily life (Seven Counties Services, 2014). Nurses knowing and learning from Freud allows a better  nurse-patient relationship. It allows the nurse to understand why a patient may feel the way they do and the nurse can better help the patient return to their life. A therapeutic model that I believe would impact me during my practice as a mental health nurse would be Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The top priority is the physiological needs of the patient, meaning the basic needs of life. Water, air, food, sleep, excretion, homeostasis and sex are the basic needs of life. When caring for any patient the nurse needs to make sure the patient has these basic needs of water, food, and air. Safety is making sure the patient is safe and secure. To the patient this could be security of their job, family, and health. Every individual needs that feeling of love and belonging by friends, family, and sexual intimacy. Self-esteem and confidence are very important but not as important as body homeostasis. The last level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is self-actualization such as morality, problem solving, and creativity. These are important to the patient but the least important for the nurse when caring for the patient (Townsend, M. 2014). The nurse needs to acquire a healthy nurse-patient relationship to help guide the patient to grow and heal. The nurse needs to build rapport, trust and empathy with each individual patient. The nurse needs to realize that each patient is different and not every patient requires the same techniques. The nurse needs to be open-minded and respect the patient’s morals, culture, religion, and beliefs. From creating a secure nurse-patient relationship the nurse will accomplish a better recovery for the patient and a better plan of care (Therapeutic Communication 2013). References American Psychiatric Association, (2014). Warning Signs of Mental Illness. Retrieved September 21, 2014, from www.psychiatry.org Bischko, D. (1998). The art of nursing: the client-nurse relationship as a therapeutic tool. Olympia, Washington. Retrieved September 19, 2014, from www.pubmed.gov Rippetow, P., Rogers, R. (2012). Effects of components of protection-motivation theory on adaptive and maladaptive coping with a health threat. Retrieved September 21, 2014, from www.psycnet.apa.org Seven Counties Services, 2014. Hope Happens Here: Mental Health in Older Adults. Retrieved September 21, 2014 from www.sevencounties.org Sommer, S., Johnson, J., Roberts, K., Redding, S. (2013). RN Mental Health Nursing-Foundations for Mental Health Nursing: Stress and Defense Mechanisms. P 29-32. Therapeutic Communication in Psychiatric Nursing. (2013). Retrieved September 21, 2014, from www.nursingplanet.com Townsend, M. (2014). Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: concepts of care in evidence-based practice. P. 3, 17-19. Philadelphia, PA.

Alternative Medicine vs. Conventional Medicine Essay Example

Alternative Medicine vs. Conventional Medicine Essay Example Alternative Medicine vs. Conventional Medicine Essay Alternative Medicine vs. Conventional Medicine Essay Introduction It is important to understand the cause of the current crisis on the matter, factors that lead to diseases and good health, in addition to the steps that need to be taken by an individual so as to maintain good health. Traditional medicine, also known as conventional medicine, relies on scientific principles, contemporary technologies as well as scientifically proved methodologies for purposes of preventing, diagnosing, and treating adverse medical conditions (Treweek Heller, 2006). Health care professionals within conventional medicine believe that diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. In conventional medicine, health care professionals must undergo extensive training and meet the standards set by the American Medical Association. By contrast, alternative medicine in its medical approach takes in to account the body and mind, experience and knowledge for diagnosis and treatment. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine at the national Institutes of health did a survey in May of 2004 and found that 36 percent of adults in America use some form of alternative medicine(Arias, 2004). They argue that conventional methods of treatment focus on diagnostic testing as well as treating with medications, but not on the patient as a whole. So as to gain an understanding on the increasing medical shift towards alternative treatment, it is important to understand what alternative medicine and conventional medicine are. Alternative medicine vs. conventional medicine Alternative medicine employs natural treatment modalities in treatment of diseases. Various alternative treatment approaches including massage, water treatment and herbal remedies were used, and still are used today by the Chinese communities to manage a variety of diseases. Modern alternative treatment techniques are developed based on the ancient treatments (Paquette, 2000). Modern alternative treatment techniques include: acupuncture, homeopathy, spiritual devotions, chiropractic, aromatherapy, psychotherapy, osteopathy, naturopathic, nutrition medicine, in addition to a wide range of other natural remedies (Alters and Schiff, 2010). These therapies have proved to be of much benefit in supporting the normal healing course of the body. Even though there are many modern alternative remedies, with different beliefs, all of them operate under some common principles. One of these principles is that the body has the capacity to heal naturally and maintain stability (Paquette, 2000). The other one is that adverse health conditions can occur as a result of factors emanating from mind, emotions and the body. Alternative medicine, according to Goldberg, Trivieri and Anderson, (2002), focuses on determining the chief cause of a particular condition, and dealing with the whole person rather that concentrating on symptoms. If a person pays close attention to his/her health he/she can contribute to his/her wellbeing. Alternative medicine holds firmly to the principle that one treatment cannot be used for all people even though they may be suffering from the same condition. Each and every person as per alternative medicine has distinct bodily, mind and spiritual make up (Goldberg, Trivieri and Anderson, 2002). Health care professionals within conventional medicine believe that diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Medical care professionals in conventional medicine must meet the national set standards concerning education and certification. These professionals constantly update their knowledge through educational programs so as to maintain their professional licenses. Alters and Schiff (2010), asserts that, before any treatment procedure is put into use in conventional medicine, health care professionals in this field must verify that it does not subject human beings to adverse medical side-effects. Numerous studies are conducted using animal and human subjects to determine the effectiveness of a certain treatments. Conventional medicine is recommended when a patient is suffering from a life threatening condition. It focuses on the symptoms which a patient is presenting with. Generally, conventional medicine focuses on dysfunction. Those who prefer conventional medicine to alternative medicine, seek treatment only after they have fallen ill. This is due to the fact that conventional treatment puts very little emphasis on the prevention as compared to treatment (Treweek and Heller, 2006). The major difference between conventional and alternative medicine is that conventional medicine concerns itself with the management of symptoms through scientific modalities and modern technology rather than dealing with the whole person as well as the root cause of an illness. Alternative medicine emphasizes on the prevention of illnesses and aims at treating the whole person in order to strengthen his/her immune system as well as producing a sustainable healing. Conventional medicine uses drugs to treat various illnesses thereby suppressing the body’s natural immunity; alternative medicine employs strategies that assist the body to heal naturally (Goldberg, Trivieri and Anderson, 2002). Conclusion The issue relating to the differences between alternative and conventional medicine can be very highly controversial. Alternative medicine has been employed as treatment in the world for thousands of years. It involves the use of natural treatment techniques in management and prevention of diseases. Alternative treatment techniques including acupuncture, homeopathy, spiritual devotions, chiropractic, aromatherapy, psychotherapy, osteopathy, naturopathic and nutrition medicine among many others are developed based on the ancient treatment techniques. Conventional medicine involves the use of drugs, surgery, and other medical procedures in dealing with various medical conditions. Conventional medicine employs scientific principles, scientifically tested medical procedures as well as modern technologies to diagnose, manage and prevent diseases. Conventional medicine focuses on treatment of various symptoms; alternative medicine concentrates on prevention, determination of the root cause as well as treatment of the whole person. Reference: About 70 percent of older adults use alternative medicine. (2005, April 11). Ascribe Newswire, pp 1-3, 3p. Retrieved July 5, 2010, from Ascribe Newswire database. Alternative Medicine Angel, Alternative Medicine: A Comparison, retrieved on July 2, 2010 from http://altmedangel. com/am. html Alters, S. , Schiff W. , (edn 5), (2010), Essential Concepts for Healthy Living, ISBN 0763789755: Jones Bartlett Learning Arais, D. , (2004, August). Alternative medicines prompts concern. , The Nations Health, 34(6), 6-6. Retrived July 5, 2010, from ephost database. Field, T. , (2009), Traditional Medicine vs. Alternative Medicine, retrieved on July 2, 2010 from asktheinternettherapist. com/archive_traditional_medicine. asp Goldberg, B. , Trivieri, L. , and Anderson, J. , (edn 2), (2002), Alternative medicine: the definitive guide, ISBN 1587611414: Celestial Arts Meines, M. , (1998), Should Alternative Treatment be Integrated into Mainstream Medicine? Nursing Forum, Vol 33 Paquette, M. , (2000), Does Your Assessment Include Alternative Therapies? Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, Vol 36 Treweek, G. , and Heller, T. , (2006), Perspectives on Complementary and Alternative Medicine, ISBN 0415351618: Routledge.

The Louis and Clark Expedition essays

The Louis and Clark Expedition essays Manifest Destiny was a belief held by numerous politicians and nationalists. Manifest Destiny is the belief in the 1840's that the United States had a divine mission to spread liberty across the continent, from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast. Although the statement was made some 42 years after the Louisiana Purchase, the statement still holds true to the time of the purchase, but not openly declared. The Louisiana Purchase was a critical turning point for the young and still undeveloped United States, and it was an excellent bargain too, selling in the end for only 15 million dollars. America was already fulfilling its manifest destiny, but the most significant part of the expansion was the expedition to navigate it. Thomas Jefferson, president at the time, chose his secretary, Meriwether Louis, to lead the expedition. Louis then chose William Clark as his secondary officer. The expedition took two years to complete, from May 1804 to September 1806, and covered about 8,000 miles going from St. Louis, Missouri to the Pacific Coast, and returning. There was still the belief of finding the Northwest Passage, and this was Jefferson's goal. But the most significant goal was to find this passage, and map out rivers and waterways that can be used for further westward expansion. Even though Louis and Clark did not find the Northwest Passage, they made peaceful contact with Native Americans, and learned a great deal about the geography of the land. But these were yet not even the greatest goal of the expedition-and that was to establish the basis of westward expansion, which therefore has a domino effect, leading to the traveling to new lands (for the Americans), the development of territories, and then the instating of new states, and gaining all the land in North America under Canada, and even other lands. In truth, President Jefferson was planning an expedition even before the Louisiana Purchase. But when it did come alo...

Free Essays on Civilization

Development of civilization As advanced of a society we live in today it is sometimes hard to perceive how far we have come along in the last couple thousand years. From today’s metropolises, religious quarrels, ten million man armies, computer graphics, political leaders, and records on everything from Wall Street to what J-lo and Ben are up to. To the early civilization cave drawings of a mammoth, three man hunters, ten person settlements, gods of fire, tooth necklaces, and village chiefs. There have always been six constant factors that have defined civilization. Though very different in structure they all achieve the same purpose, to live harmoniously as a group. I guess? Most of the early civilizations were all based around of some water source, such as the most famous, the Nile River in Egypt. This provided a place for people to bathe, hydrate, hunt, and participate in such activities together. This was the basis of all that followed of urbanization. Though not planned it started a community that eventually became structured. This is where all political, economic, culture, and religion was based around. Though religion is different in all early civilizations it remained to have the same concept of ideas of a higher being or beings knowing all and controlling a certain element of life. Again, infamously the Egyptians which were as strong as any other in religious beliefs and ceremonies. It was the biggest factor in there society. Everything from what they ate to how they were buried had to do with some religious factor. It also served as there government. The Pharaohs were perceived as gods with special powers of some sort. They in fact also ran the government with firm power. They controlled everything including the military. This was one of the most well documented theocracies in history. As society progressed a certain distinction between people developed. It was the defining factor on which you are... Free Essays on Civilization Free Essays on Civilization Development of civilization As advanced of a society we live in today it is sometimes hard to perceive how far we have come along in the last couple thousand years. From today’s metropolises, religious quarrels, ten million man armies, computer graphics, political leaders, and records on everything from Wall Street to what J-lo and Ben are up to. To the early civilization cave drawings of a mammoth, three man hunters, ten person settlements, gods of fire, tooth necklaces, and village chiefs. There have always been six constant factors that have defined civilization. Though very different in structure they all achieve the same purpose, to live harmoniously as a group. I guess? Most of the early civilizations were all based around of some water source, such as the most famous, the Nile River in Egypt. This provided a place for people to bathe, hydrate, hunt, and participate in such activities together. This was the basis of all that followed of urbanization. Though not planned it started a community that eventually became structured. This is where all political, economic, culture, and religion was based around. Though religion is different in all early civilizations it remained to have the same concept of ideas of a higher being or beings knowing all and controlling a certain element of life. Again, infamously the Egyptians which were as strong as any other in religious beliefs and ceremonies. It was the biggest factor in there society. Everything from what they ate to how they were buried had to do with some religious factor. It also served as there government. The Pharaohs were perceived as gods with special powers of some sort. They in fact also ran the government with firm power. They controlled everything including the military. This was one of the most well documented theocracies in history. As society progressed a certain distinction between people developed. It was the defining factor on which you are...

Henry Kissinger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Henry Kissinger - Essay Example ("Henry") Kissinger's intensive embarkation on a "shuttle diplomacy" in the 1973 Yom Kippur War between Israel, Egypt, and Syria helped mediate the Arab-Israeli conflict that had been going on for a long time. ("Henry") Because of this, politicians from Egypt had called him as the 'magician' for being able to come up with disengagement agreements that separated the Israeli and the Arab armies. ("Henry The Nobel") He had been successful in ending the war between these nations; however, there was an even greater and bigger hostility among these nations that was eventually lifted up. The peace process that he has negotiated among them was short-lived that his role was further criticized and questioned, specifically his intentions at bringing about the said 'liberation' between the Arabs and the Israelis. Having fled from Nazi, Germany under Hitler's administration, Kissinger created his own name in the United States as a Harvard University professor of government and international affairs in the 50s and 60s. ("American") He also joined the US Army before that and became an interpreter and intelligence officer in Europe. It was after his service in the army that he was soon the most brilliant professor in Harvard University. ("Henry") His unprecedented ability in interpreting foreign policies enabled him to foretell the necessary responses that Americans should perform in order to become at par with its international relations, as well as balance its power in the worldwide context. Kissinger lectured Americans about moralism that encourages them to a more realistic approach in dealing with all its foreign affairs and policies. Prominent personalities such as John F. Kennedy was as well impressed by his realistic views and policies, with whom he eventually served as a part-time policy adviser behind Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy that characterized the US strategy that promotes and maintains both the conventional and the nuclear forces against the attacks of the Communists instead of a nuclear retaliation that would affect nations and people held as victims. Kissinger also served the Johnson administration as a part-time foreign adviser ("Henry") When Nixon was elected President of the United States in 1968, he appointed Kissinger as his full-time national security adviser. Their team-up has had many suspicions such that the joint of an unlikely two people in the government implied something not at all favourable. Time magazine even described their collaboration as an "improbable partnership" because of their two opposing personalities. Nixon's "old-fashioned, secretive, aloof and over-simplified rhetoric" character did not seem to fit with Kissinger's "urbane intelligence" ("Henry") The Nixon-Kissinger team had worked together to re-shape the style and substance of the United States foreign affairs. Together, the two had work closely in addressing the different international issues that are tied to the US through Kissinger's realist strategies and policies. Together, they had both achieved their goals in the international affairs. ("Henry") From then on, Kissinger was among the most popular and the most controversial personalities in the US government. Being the national security adviser to Nixon's administration, he had concentrated on gaining power for the United

Business Report of Coca-cola Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Report of Coca-cola - Coursework Example On the other hand, the internal functions of environmental reporting include to establish or revise or review existing environmental policies, objectives, and programs of organizations and to motivate the management and employees in organizations so as to encourage environmental activities of them. There is a general consensus that excellent environment report should explicitly acknowledge and explain environmental impacts that arise as a result of organizations operations and products and should further demonstrate the commitment of organizations to reduce such environmental impacts by publicly disclosing its policies, targets and long-term objectives (ACCA, 2010). This paper explores environmental reporting in companies with Coca Cola as a case study. Environmental Reporting in Coca Cola Company Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage company in the world and it responsible for the production of more than 500 brands of beverages that refreshes its consumers. Coca-Cola Company pro duces sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink coffees, juices ant juice drinks. The most popular and major beverage brands that are produced by the Coca Cola company include Coca-Cola, diet coke, fanta, sprite, coca-cola zero, vitamin water, powerade, minute maid, simply, Georgia and del valle (Coca-Cola-Enterprises., 2012). Coca Cola Company currently operates in more than 200 countries and has established markets across the world. The increasing sensitivity and awareness towards social and environmental issues and the concerns of stakeholders has prompted companies to enhance their images by endeavoring to become better corporate citizens and Coca Cola has not been left out in this trend. It is evident that Coca Cola Company has a wide array of stakeholders who have influence and interests on the company due to its global presence inn terms of market share and operations. Since the stakeholders are diverse and posses different interests and influence, any engagement and interactions t hat Coca Cola Company has with the stakeholders has the potential of shaping its current market share and future investment. The role that such stakeholders play has prompted Coca Cola Company to adopt environmental sustainability reporting as part of its strategic management goals. Another key feature that has caused Coca Cola Company to adopt environmental reporting is the economic, social and environmental impacts that are associated with the operations of the firm (Cross & Miller, 2009). There exist direct and indirect environmental impacts that originate from the operation of Coca Cola Company business. Examples of direct environmental impacts that are associated with Coca Cola business include greenhouse house gas emissions that emanate from the manufacturing site and distribution chain, emissions from cool drinks equipment, consumption of water and waste disposal from manufacturing site (Coca-Cola Company, 2011). The type of environmental reporting Company adopts is based on the guidelines that are given by the United Nations Global Compact framework. Environmental Reporting Strategies and Systems

Churchill, hitler, and the unnecessary war Term Paper

Churchill, hitler, and the unnecessary war - Term Paper Example Germany was also barred from building up large army. Tanks, aircrafts and submarines were also not allowed to be held by Germany. All these steps were deemed to be taken to prevent Germany from initiating any other war. Germany abided by the restrictions imposed by this treaty only by the end of second decade of the 20th century. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler was powered up by the disgruntled and poor people of Germany to take over the throne. The basis of their belief in Hitler was that they wanted a person who might empower Germany again and pull to pieces the unjust and unfair treaty. As a result, Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany. Soon after he became the Chancellor, he started the building up of German forces. He also empowered the German army by equipping it with modern weapons. Initially, all this was done secretly but soon it came to light. However, the Great Britain and France took it lightly. They were of the view that these actions will strengthen and will be helpful in stopping the flourish of Communism in Europe. After having built up the German forces for 2 years, Hitler gave them order to enter into Rhineland in 1936. The reason provided by Germany for this invasion is the threat that Germany was facing as a result of treaty with Russia. So, it became very important for Germany to post its troops in Rhineland. It is also considered by many historians reasonable that as Rhineland was a part of Germany, so, there is no bar if German troops are posted there. However, Germany was very weak at this point and little intervention by Britain or France could have defeated them. However, neither of these two intervened as they did not want to start another war with Germany. Meanwhile, Hitler also stepped forward to make allies with two important countries of Japan and Italy. Later on, Hitler advanced to take back the land of Austria. In March 1938, Hitler ordered German army to march in Austria to occupy the land. Austrian leader was then forced to c onduct a poll to decide whether the people of Austria wanted union with Germany. The results showed the favor of 99% of the citizens of Austria to live with Germany. The Austrian leader asked for help but, on been satisfied from Hitler side, none of Britain and France came to help Austria. Adolf Hitler promised that the union of Austria with Germany will end the aims of expansion of Hitler and he will not move further on. However, breaching his own words, Hitler insisted that the region of Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia should be handed over to Germany. Neville Chamberlain, the then British Prime Minister, met Hitler thrice in September, 1938. Chamberlain was himself of the view that Treaty of Versailles was not just and equitable for Germany. So, he took a soft corner for Germany. Finally, it was decided in Munich Agreement that the region of Sudetenland would be handed over to Germany on the provision of Hitler’s assurance that he would not make claims for any further territ ories. The agreement was mutually decided and signed by German, British, French and Italian leaders. However, Czech government was not involved in the agreement upon which they recorded their protest. However, Hitler occupied whole of the Czechoslovakia in 1939 March. Czechoslovak government asked for help but none of Britain and France intervened in the invasion. However, both of these countries promised that they would take military action against Hitler if the German forces advanced towards Poland. On September 1 1939, German forces occupied Poland

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay Example This essay focuses on the discussion of the Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, that is an debilitating disease which has been prevalent for over 4,000 years, right from the ancient civilizations of China, India and Egypt. The researcher states that the earliest documented case of leprosy, supported by DNA evidence, is that of a man whose remains were discovered in a tomb next to the Old City of Jerusalem. The first recorded instance of leprosy is found in the Bible. It is probable that the disease spread to Europe from Egypt through Phoenician sailors in the 8th century. The word leprosy has its roots in the Greek lepra, meaning ‘a disease which makes the skin scaly'. The primary external symptom is pronounced skin lesions. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. If unchecked, this chronic bacterial infection can progressively attack the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes, causing permanent damage, deformation, blindness, loss of neural sensation, and local paralysis. Th e mode of transmission of the disease is still not certain. Poor living conditions, diet and genetic factors may predispose an individual to contact leprosy. Treatment for leprosy began with the introduction of dapsone in the 1930s and complete cures were made possible by multidrug therapy in the 1980s. It is acknowledged that leprosy was a familiar disease in medieval Europe, and probably reached its peak during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique social and medical responses. ... In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique social and medical responses. Leprosy was a feared condition throughout the Middle Ages. This may be largely attributed to ignorance of its causes and medical implications, and the absence of any recognized treatment or cure. The Medieval diagnosis of leprosy, â€Å"was a prediction of disfigurement and death, and what is perhaps more terrifying, it separated a man from society because of the infection he carried outwardly and the moral corruption that lay within him† (Covey, 2001, 316). Biblical references supported this reaction to the disease. The numerous references to leprosy in the Bible largely give leprosy a connotation of being a disease of the unclean. This is evident in the passage from Leviticus 13: 44–46 which states, â€Å"Now whosoever shall be defiled with the leprosy, and is separated by the judgment of the priest, shall have his clothes hanging loose, his head bare, his mouth cove red with a cloth, and he shall cry out that he is defiled and unclean. All the time that he is infected and unclean, he shall dwell alone without the camp† (Covey, 2001, 316). In effect, the Bible condemned leprosy as a ‘defilement’ and sanctioned the banishment of lepers from society. The most common attitude toward leprosy was ostracism, rising from the fear that leprosy was a highly contagious disease. In the light of this fear of contacting leprosy through association with lepers, medieval laws enforced segregation of lepers in various manners in different places. The 1276 assizes of London restricted the freedom of movement of lepers by banning them from residing in the city. This was followed by

Research Topics in Insurance Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topics in Insurance - Research Paper Example At the same time, it can also cover those who are bellow this specified age, but have special needs- the disabled or those suffering from the end stage renal disease. Under this scheme, one is eligible to be covered for the hospital bills under the umbrella of category ‘A’ at the same time, one can enjoy insurance coverage under part ‘B’ or be covered for the prescription of drugs under the scheme’s part ‘B’ This scheme however differs from the Medicaid programme because it mainly focuses on the elderly people at the age of 65 years and above. On the other hand, the Medicaid programme is open to any person in any age group. Similarly, the Medicare scheme solely relies on the federal government for funds while the Medicaid does not entirely depend on the federal government for funding. Part of its budget is footed by the respective semi- autonomous state governments. Medicaid insurance on the other hand relies on the federal government to offer health coverage or to provide home nursing for a specified category of people in the United States of America (US General Accountability Office, 2000). Such categories of people eligible for coverage under this noble programme are the low income earning people in the American society. They include the children, parents of eligible children, the elderly, pregnant women and the disabled who may be in a dire need for home nursing. Ideally, this programme was designed to help the categories of people to afford medical bills under the Medicaid programme, an eligible person is entitled to be wholly or partly be assisted to settle their medical bills. Generally, there are two distinct types of Medicaid- Community Medicaid and the Medicaid nursing. Community Medicaid in its part was designed to assist people who a little or no medical insurance schemes at all. However, medical nursing home scheme on the other hand, is meant for

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay Example This essay focuses on the discussion of the Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, that is an debilitating disease which has been prevalent for over 4,000 years, right from the ancient civilizations of China, India and Egypt. The researcher states that the earliest documented case of leprosy, supported by DNA evidence, is that of a man whose remains were discovered in a tomb next to the Old City of Jerusalem. The first recorded instance of leprosy is found in the Bible. It is probable that the disease spread to Europe from Egypt through Phoenician sailors in the 8th century. The word leprosy has its roots in the Greek lepra, meaning ‘a disease which makes the skin scaly'. The primary external symptom is pronounced skin lesions. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. If unchecked, this chronic bacterial infection can progressively attack the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes, causing permanent damage, deformation, blindness, loss of neural sensation, and local paralysis. Th e mode of transmission of the disease is still not certain. Poor living conditions, diet and genetic factors may predispose an individual to contact leprosy. Treatment for leprosy began with the introduction of dapsone in the 1930s and complete cures were made possible by multidrug therapy in the 1980s. It is acknowledged that leprosy was a familiar disease in medieval Europe, and probably reached its peak during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique social and medical responses. ... In the Middle Ages, leprosy was a serious problem which elicited unique social and medical responses. Leprosy was a feared condition throughout the Middle Ages. This may be largely attributed to ignorance of its causes and medical implications, and the absence of any recognized treatment or cure. The Medieval diagnosis of leprosy, â€Å"was a prediction of disfigurement and death, and what is perhaps more terrifying, it separated a man from society because of the infection he carried outwardly and the moral corruption that lay within him† (Covey, 2001, 316). Biblical references supported this reaction to the disease. The numerous references to leprosy in the Bible largely give leprosy a connotation of being a disease of the unclean. This is evident in the passage from Leviticus 13: 44–46 which states, â€Å"Now whosoever shall be defiled with the leprosy, and is separated by the judgment of the priest, shall have his clothes hanging loose, his head bare, his mouth cove red with a cloth, and he shall cry out that he is defiled and unclean. All the time that he is infected and unclean, he shall dwell alone without the camp† (Covey, 2001, 316). In effect, the Bible condemned leprosy as a ‘defilement’ and sanctioned the banishment of lepers from society. The most common attitude toward leprosy was ostracism, rising from the fear that leprosy was a highly contagious disease. In the light of this fear of contacting leprosy through association with lepers, medieval laws enforced segregation of lepers in various manners in different places. The 1276 assizes of London restricted the freedom of movement of lepers by banning them from residing in the city. This was followed by

Slavery in belle isle in Richmond VA Research Paper

Slavery in belle isle in Richmond VA - Research Paper Example The only barrier that kept the prisoners in one place was a ditch and a wall made from earth. However, the guards shot the prisoners that wanted to escape and crossed the barrier. Because the prisoners were exceedingly many in the prisons, the owners of the prisons sold them or made them work for people (Takagi 43). This way the congestion in the prison reduced significantly because of the number of prisoners sold as slaves. Therefore, the factories that existed in the island received labor from the slaves and made substantial profits from their trade. The slave trade existed in the island for nearly two hundred years. The black slaves constituted the biggest number of slaves. Even after the abolition of the slave trade in most places around the world, it did not end in the island. This is because the slave trade brought substantial profits to the traders and owners of the prison. Slave trade was particularly beneficial to the people that owned farms, factories and industries in Richmond, the owners of the island. This is because they offered cheap labor. Because the owners of the productions had many slaves, they did the work easily. The slaves bought were usually from Africa meaning that they were blacks. The economic importance of the slave trade made the trade exist for an exceedingly long time. The economy of Richmond grew (Takagi 45). Because of the inhumanity that had developed towards the slave trade the trade existed for even a longer time. With time, Virginia had the biggest number of slaves in America. This was because of the prisoners held in the area as well as the agricultural demand of labor. The place depended fully on plantation farming for its economy. This means that they had to exploit the farms that they had, and this was only though slavery. Both men and women worked in the farms. After the civil war, many people in America set the slaves free (Takagi 43). Virginia

I thought it was the end Essay Example for Free

I thought it was the end Essay I thought it was the end. I watched my own son slowly; painfully pass away for a crime he didnt commit. I couldnt believe that it was happening. Why? I kept asking myself and I just couldnt find an answer. My head was spinning and I didnt know or for that matter care where I was. All I knew was that I just didnt want to be there. Ever since the death of my son I have been growing old quickly and without pause. Its like the death of my son has made me age so quickly. Due to this I have realised that I am coming to the end of my life and that is why I am writing this. It all started the day I joined the farm.. I was there working away milking a cow when from above I could sense this presence, it was like a sixth sense. I looked up to see that it was Farmer Lodge (my employer). He seemed as if he needed something, like he wanted me to give it to him. I enquired as to what he wanted. But then I looked closer at the expression on his face, it was clear now that it was company that he wanted. He picked me up and led me to his house. At first we were just talking and everything was fine although a little surreal but that was soon to change. Thinking about it he didnt take advantage of me as I would have said a few years back it just happened. We slept together and for the first time in my life I felt as if someone actually wanted me for who I was not just as some type of sex slave as the village thought I was as I had slept with this guy who then left me. I wasnt and never was going to be. Nine months after sleeping with Farmer Lodge I was having a baby and as I hadnt slept with anyone since it must have been his. This was the birth of many troubles and problems to come but it was also to be the start of something magical and enjoyable. I was to have many moments of happiness, which far out weigh the bad points. Later on in the year I was to hear of a woman called Gertrude moving into the village. She was to become Gertrude Lodge, Farmer Lodges (my loves) wife. I was really disheartened by this and started to think about what had happened only 12 months ago now. Farmer Lodge was the father of my child and yet he didnt once do anything to help me or support me through this time; and now he was marrying a woman of whom I didnt know as she was a land owner, like him whereas I wasnt so I couldnt marry him. I felt this was unfair as not only had he loved me but also he got me pregnant and now he doesnt want anything to do with me. Perhaps it is true what they all say about men not wanting children and if they get their lover pregnant then they leave them as there was neither a form of contraception or abortion back then. Life as a mother was hard and trying. The income I brought in was low enough but to add to matters I had to feed and cloth a baby. I eventually plucked up the courage to go and ask Farmer Lodge for a raise and gave him the reason for my asking. I thought that it was the least e could do for me after what he had put me through all that mental torment and physical pain. As I walked in to confront Mr Lodge I could sense the strong smell of perfume, which arose out of the door almost like someone was trapped within. I realised Gertrude must have been there but I still persisted on my quest for freedom from this man and for also the help I deserved. As I put my hand against the door it was warm but at the same time damp due to the years of rain pounding down upon it. It was a vast oak door of which I couldnt push open on my own so I found the knocker on the door and banged it. The sound rumbled long and low until I had heard some movement and the door was swung open as if to say in a mild dismay, WHAT? I was to say the least surprised at the reaction Farmer Lodge had to me when he opened the door. His mouth half open as if he wanted to speak but some invisible force was preventing it. He He Hello, he said as if scared of me. Why hello, I replied in a sort of comforting voice. He appeared worried about something although I wasnt sure what and from the look of him it seemed he didnt know either. He invited me in after having stood around on the doorstep just staring at me as if in disbelief. On entry I looked around for Gertrude. In the corner of the room an extremely beautiful but also concerned looking person sat. I assumed that this was Gertrude and so as a nice person I said hello and asked her name. She didnt reply so I just went about my business and asked Farmer Lodge about the rise. The strangest thing of all is he stood up once the question was put forward, said yes then walked out of the room in a type of trance as if he was under a spell of a spirit or something of that origin. As soon as he left Gertrude sprang up from the corner of the room making me jump. She landed on me as if in an almost upset but dominating way she asked me to look at her arm. At first I thought that she was crazy but then as she persisted with the question I said yes. She pulled the clothing back from the arm to reveal a really bad withered arm. This put me into a flash back in which I remembered a dream I had acquired the previous night. It was of me lying in bed when Gertrude entered my room. She was taunting me with her wedding band and eventually I had snapped and grabbed her by the arm and flung her to the ground. At first I believed it to be a bad dream but this proved that the theory wrong. I decided that as I had got what I came for I should leave if not to hide my identity from Gertrude. For the next few months I avoided all contact with Gertrude and led a separate life in isolation. I decided to go and visit the conjurer and see what he recommended for my vision. After a lot of promiscuous contemplation he invited me into his room in which I looked into this portal type place. Only I could see what I saw but the bits I did see I didnt want to see again. I would tell you but these are secrets that only I will know as thats how I want to keep it. As a member of the Antidisestablishmentarianisms club I believe firmly in not allowing people to find out and manipulate the secrets that I have hidden for so many years and for so many reasons. Anyway after the conjurer I carried on with my life as a milkmaid looking after my son and earning less than the total minimum wage. At about 17 18 years of age my son was usually out most nights with his mates from the local school. He was out with friends one night when after indulging in a few pints from the local tavern he and others wondered back home. Making enough noise to wake the dead they did something, which was to change not all but only my sons life. The group of friends accidentally set a hey rick on fire. They all scattered but my son (to drunk to walk) couldnt so when the authorities arrived they found him next to it. He was sentenced to death by hanging. This wouldnt normally have happened but at that point there was a lot of destruction to land and property around that area so there was a inevitably a person now to make an example of. After the death the farmers wife Gertrude died due to stress and the withered arm. I decided to go and live somewhere away from the village but later returned to my dead end job as a milkmaid. There was however a small annuity left to me (from Farmer Lodge who funnily enough wasnt seen in the village again presumed dead) but I declined as I only had myself to live for and nothing to motivate me. This is how I have spent the rest of my life doing what Im best at milking cows.

Marxs critique of classical political economy

Marxs critique of classical political economy Classical political economy was a concept that dominated social thought within the nineteenth century; the development of such a period constituted a decisive stage within the attempt to understand the economic framework that essentially became relied upon for defining the basis of society. However Marx considered that the basis of the political economy ignored the prevalent relationship between elements of human alienation and exploitation that he argued derived from the inequalities caused by the condition of the capitalist political economy. When considering this further, Marx therefore relied upon an essential critique of the political economy in light of not only the previously mentioned relationship but similarly numerous other influential dynamics within the economy, as a consequence Marx continued to establish his critique of the economic system throughout his works in an attempt to ascertain true communism as a positive expression for the basis of society. The main concern when considering classical political economy is the regard of society as being a composition of various classes that functioned on the basis of economic purpose. Marx however recognised that in reality the theories surrounding classical political economy were unable to understand the significance of the economic purpose of the working class and the experienced struggle that consequently rooted itself within society. Marx therefore argued that the failure of classical political economy to separate human nature from the superficial construct of the economic class system possessed a dominant influence upon the ignorance of the proletarian class and the consequent focus upon the bourgeois class prevalent within society. Marx witnessed the inhumanity and irrationality surrounding human life and criticised it profusely in that the accepted capitalist economic system prevalent at the time considered it to be a natural occurrence with the progression of the economic system. As a consequence, Marx posited a class struggle between the proletarian and bourgeois economic classes, a struggle inherent and therefore inevitable within the capitalist, industrial society. With the increasing development of capitalism, class struggles became generalised across the economic system, Marxs critique consequently deemed class struggle as originating in the process of production and he therefore continued to argue that the conflict prevalent derives from the class antagonism of labour power. As a consequence of the class struggle the proletarian economic class were inevitably forced to sell their labour to achieve capital to survive and as a consequence Marx criticised that the capitalists had every intention of exploiting the labourers for maximum effectiveness within the production process, Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks. (Marx: 1990: 257). To theorise how the aforementioned exploitation became the routine within classical political economy Marx criticised how capitalism employed a standard, recognised framework by which the bourgeois minority monopolised the labouring majority in order to gain the most efficient means of production. When considering the previous criticisms of exploitation the influence upon human nature must also be recognised; it can be philosophised that Marx recognised that humans are fundamentally natural producers as he defined labour as mans self-confirm ing essence (Marx: 1833) and Marx therefore implemented a critique towards the evident distortion capitalism roots within human nature. It could be argued that the evident exploitation alienates the labourer from not only the act of production but similarly distances them from the products of their labour and as a consequence it has been argued that the alienation present becomes a process in which humanity progressively transforms into a stranger in a world created by labour (Swingewood: 2000). Furthermore, Marx continued to route his critique of the classical political economy within the establishment and understanding of the capitalist division of labour and its consequent exploitation and oppression of the proletarian economic class. Marx recognised that the division of labour within the economy succeeded in the efficient formation of profit and value and essentially agreed with Smith in that labour was the only real resource that constituted a productive economy yet his fundamental criticism was based upon the consequent exploitation of the labourer and their constant struggle within the economic system. Marx recognised within Smiths understanding of the political economy that he initially instigated an analysis of the capitalist mode of production. However, Marx continued to characterise that Smith in fact pays no concern to the operation of the inner foundations of the economic system and instead criticises Smith for merely recognising the immediate external and super ficial extraction of the benefits resulting from the successful implementation of the capitalist mode of production. When considering Smiths perspective further it becomes immediately evident that he accepted the proletarian struggle deriving from the economic division of labour as inconsequential and therefore argued that the exploitation was in fact the most successful method of capitalist production, consequently it could be argued that Smith degraded labourers to an abstract commodity within the production process as opposed to a living being. Furthermore, Marx criticised that Smith accepted that the desirability of the high productivity rate within his theory of the division of labour outweighed the evident exploitative costs, Political economy regards the proletarian like a horse, he must receive enough to enable him to work. It does not consider him, during the time when he is not working, as a human being (Marx: 1969), the consequent exploitation of the value of the labourer s contribution represented a qualitative increase in productivity within the production process and therefore an increase in profit for the bourgeois economic class regardless of the abhorrent conditions under which labourers are forced to work. It is therefore apparent as to Marxs justification behind his critique; Marx argued that Smiths dominantly capitalist perspective failed to initially recognise and therefore appreciate the standard of conditions that the proletarian labourers are forced to accept as adequate. Within the prevalence of the capitalist mode of production it can be considered that another fundamental element concerning the political economy is the recognition of the influence that the division of labour possesses upon the economic system. As a consequence of this, Ricardo proposed the Labour Theory of Value in an attempt to further understand the influence of labour value upon capitalist production techniques. The aforementioned theory proposes that the recognised value of goods is directly proportional to the extent of labour required throughout production. However, it is argued that Marx criticised that Ricardos thesis was essentially incomplete when considering the capitalist political economy as it disregards the exploitive nature of the income distribution between the bourgeois and the proletariat economic classes. Marx continued to criticise the capitalist mode of production as he connotes that the exchange value of goods was in fact deserved by the worker as opposed to the autocratic rule of the capitalist, however, as a consequence Marx proposed the concept of surplus value as a critique of the capitalist political economy. For Marx, the dominant increase in productivity resulted from the competitive and exploitive nature of the capitalists strife to obtain the maximum surplus value, or profit, possible from goods; it could therefore be argued that the surplus value obtained derives from the essentially unpaid labour appropriated by the capitalists within political economy. When considering the presentation of the aforementioned critique philosophised by Marx, his attempt to provide a solution for the criticisms of the political economy must also be examined. It could be argued that throughout his entire critique his desire to ascertain a sense of true communism within society evidently underpinned his justification behind his arguments. Marx essentially fought for the recognition of labour as an important factor within the capitalist production process; he proposed that through the implementation of true communism society could achieve and withhold a beneficial economic system Communism deprives no man of the ability to appropriate the fruits of his labour. The only thing it deprives him of is the ability to enslave others by means of such appropriations. (Marx: 2002) Marx continued to portray how communism would in turn regard the importance of the whole of society as opposed to the bourgeois minority. He consequently urged for the removal of the ineq ualities he continually criticised throughout the political economy and continued to justify such criticisms through arguing that the complete abolition of private property would equate to the removal of inequalities and eventually the elimination of the class struggle. Furthermore, it must be recognised that the political economy was premised upon the notion of private property and material ownership and when considering this further Marx argued that private property wasnt an explanation captured within the essence of human nature but rather a superficially constructed consequence of the political economies regard for the stratification of the economic class system. Ultimately, Marx argued for the free expression of everyone within society and the consequent desirability that rooted itself within his argument for communism as it was reliant upon the recognition of human freedom within the production process. In conclusion it is evident that the basis for Marxs critique of political economy is reliant upon the implications of the negative relationship established between the abstract regard of labour and the consequent human alienation present within the capitalist economic structure. Such critique continued through to his perspective of Smith and Ricardo and the apparent recognition Marx felt toward the evident disregard for the proletarian economic class. Ultimately it has been argued that Marxs desire for true communism, particularly when concerning the freedom of human nature, has established that the dominant criticism throughout the evaluation of classical political economy is the concept of the exploitive nature of the capitalist mode of production and the implications for inequalities that are established within society as a consequence of such a struggle.

The Effect Of Media Images :: essays research papers

It was fashionable to be fat throughout most of history. Obesity was attractive because it was considered to be a sign of wealth. Those who could obtain enough food to keep themselves and their family well fed were people with money. In the past century, however, food has been abundant in most of the developed nations, and thinness has become fashionable. Eating disorders have increased significantly over the past thirty years. The two most common eating disorders include anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a disease in which women become very self-conscious about their weight and have an intense fear of becoming fat. They go to such extremes as starving themselves in order to keep thin, and some use additional methods such as vomiting, taking excessive amounts of laxatives, or exercising profusely. Bulimia nervosa on the other hand is an eating disorder in which the patient eats large amounts of food in a short period of time, also known as binge eating. Another symptom of bulimia is ridding oneself of food through vomiting, using laxatives, or over-exercising, commonly known as purging. Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia often experience fatigue and decreased energy, headaches, personality changes, and abdominal pain. If an eating disorder is left untreated, it can lead to serious health damage, even death. These eating disorders are usually brought on because a girl is unsatisfied with her own body image. Oftentimes she feels out of control, and restricting her intake of food is one way to regain control. The patient has a sense of power over food, and this makes her feel more secure about everything else going on in her life. Many times, girls with low self-esteem are the victims of eating disorders because they often seek approval from their peers. By being thinner, they believe that they will become more desirable. Studies have shown that the majority of women with eating disorders are adolescents. What makes a young woman associate thinness with beauty? Many are now beginning to believe that the media has much to do with how women view themselves. Young women see thin models and actresses in magazines, advertisements, and television shows. The media have portrayed the successful and beautiful protagonists as thin. They have promoted the image of thinness through popular programming.. Thinness has thus become associated with self control and success. The average American woman's body weight has increased over the past thirty years, yet the models that represent American women have become increasingly thinner.

Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative

â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it. Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it.

Global Warming Report Essay

Over the past few decades scientist have been observing a warming trend in the over all temperature of the earth. Although the earth has been known to go through warm and cold periods, it seems that we humans are causing the earth to heat up this time. The greenhouse effect is causing the earth to go through this warming trend that we call global warming. The greenhouse effect is caused when the infrared radiation from the sun is absorbed in atmospheric gasses such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane. All of these gasses escape slowly from the atmosphere, therefore the heat stays here longer in a short of warm airy blanket. Without the occurrence of the greenhouse effect scientist say that the earths average temperature would be around 30 degrees C. or 50 degrees F. There are many greenhouse gasses that can trap the infrared rays of the sun. Carbon dioxide can be released into the atmosphere in several ways, the bulk of it is produced by car exhaust, deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels. It is a colorless, odorless, non flammable gas, and it is also the most prominent greenhouse gas in earths atmosphere. CO2 is recycled through the earths atmosphere using the process photosynthesis, which makes most life on earth possible. Another greenhouse gas is methane and it is one of the most common gasses in the universe. methane is colorless odorless gas that is lighter than air and is produced by organic decay. Deposits of methane can usually be found in areas where lots of natural decay takes place, such as swamps, and land fills. Each year we add 350-500 million tons of methane to the atmosphere through mining, raising livestock, rice cultivation, and landfills. In fact a cow can release up to a half pound of methane into the air everyday. Nitrous oxide is another colorless and greenhouse gas, however it does smell sweet. It is mostly used medically because it deadens pain, because of this it is called laughing gas. It is released naturally from oceans and by bacteria is soil. It is important to reduce our emissions because nitrous oxide we release today will still be trapped in the atmosphere 100 years from now. The set of greenhouse gasses are fluorocarbons, that is a general term for any group of synthetic organic compounds that have fluorine and carbon. These can be found in aerosol cans, refrigerators, and air conditioners. When fluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere they breakdown molecules of the earths ozone layer. The effects of global warming are also good for human beings, because it could increase food production. The most important factor in crop production is climate, and global warming would facilitate a better climate for the growth of more crops. It would also create much more space for businesses were there was once ice and harsh climate. Also without global warming the earth temperature would be about 30 degrees F. n average. With global warming there would be far fewer deaths from cold exposer. If global warming caused enough arctic melt then shippers would have many new shortcut routes to take from place to place. After glacier melt we would have access to many new mining areas. However global warming will also have some large negative effects. Such as health concerns, scientist predict that there will be ma ny more deaths from diseases that are irritated by heat, including heart attacks and heatstroke. Another downside to global warming is the amount of flooding that will occur with coastal cities. Scientist have predicted that about a sixth of the country will be under water after global warming has taken full effect. The Maldive Islands are a nation of 1190 islands that are home to over 200,000 people. These islands are only 1. 5 meters above sea level and if global warming occurs then all of those people will have to be relocated. There are many things that we as human beings can do to help prevent global warming from happening. We can start to take advantage of all the different types of renewable energy instead of burning fossil fuels that pollute the atmosphere in multiple ways. There are many types of clean, efficient, renewable energy sources. There are many energy sources that the earth has provided for us that we need to take advantage of. We need to build more wind turbines, hydro electric plants, and solar power plants. Another way of producing clean energy include using fission through nuclear power to create a clean renewable energy source. Government can also be doing there part by funding research about global warming and raising awareness about how individuals can be doing there part to reduce pollution. In conclusion, Global warming is a very serious thing, it can affect the orld in many different ways. We just need to decide which effects help or harm the world the most and then make an educated choice as to which ones the earth can handle while taking the least amount of stress, and having the best long term effect. ————————————————â €”———————————————————————————————————— Patrick Michaels, â€Å"The Satanic Gasses† Henry Willis, â€Å"Earths Future Climate† Fred Singer, â€Å"Hot Talk and Cold Science† Ronald Bailey, â€Å"Global Warming and Other Eco Myths†

How To Manage Time Effectively Essay

Time management is the way we manage the amount of time allotted for specific tasks of goals. It is the steps we take on a daily basis in order to manage the time we have to complete the tasks or goals set before us in an efficient and timely manner. Managing out our time is something that most of us have difficulty with often times. People can get overwhelmed with life in general especially if they do not manage it accordingly. We are all given twenty-four hours in a day in which to live-no more, no less. So, why is it that some people are able to accomplish more in a day than others can possibly do in a week? Other than possibly the difference of levels of energy, it must that one person is able to manage their time more effectively than the other person. This does not mean that one person works harder, but rather, the person who accomplishes more in less time has figured out how to work smarter. Time management is important whether at work, school, or in your personal life. A disciplined work ethic is essential when you have multiple responsibilities. You need to manage your time effectively in order to be successful. Although, a hard skill to master, many try to overcome this obstacle but sometimes fall short of achieving the goals we want to accomplish. After the goals have been set we should keep track or record what needs to be done in lieu of reaching them. This will assist in managing time effectively. Better time management skills can improve your grades, get you a better position at work and even take away some of the stressors in your personal life. By creating a day to day plan people will have less to be stressed about and will ultimately feel a sense of accomplishment. The main thing to do in order to overcome poor time management behavior is to first become aware of how to use your time wisely. Poor time management can cause people to be tardy for work or school which in turn can cause them to lose their job or fall behind in their classes. This can cause a very detrimental effect on their lives. This shows that managing your time is extremely important and needs to be done adequately. In order to achieve this go through a day as you would normally and write down what you do, what time you start doing it, and then what time you are done with each task. By doing this you can effectively determine where your time is going and why your time management skills are less than adequate. Postpone anything that can be  put off in order to get more important things done. For example, you can delay going out to a movie with your friends but instead finish a report for work. Then once the report is completed you can go out with your friends another time. The stress of work not getting done will no longer attach itself to you in a negative way. If you are highly distracted in certain places then you should refrain or stop going to those places and find new less distracting places to hang out. This will in effect increase your productivity and balance due to the negation of distractions and also validate the fact that you are doing the right thing in managing your time properly. As stated by David Allen (2009), â€Å"Things rarely get stuck because of lack of time. They get stuck because the doing of them has not been defined. Most of the stress people experience comes from inappropriately managed commitments they make or accept.† Therefore, you must manage your time properly in order to obtain the necessary skills that will assist in reaching your goals. In order to be successful with time management, you have to set some goals. It may help to divide your goals into time frames; i.e. long term, short term, and day to day goals that will in the end assist you in achieving your goals. You need to think of what goals you would like to accomplish (long term- own business in five years, short term-complete all Business Management courses, and day to day-stay focused on completing daily tasks). In order to reach the fundamental long term goal, the first step is to get a planner or a journal to write down what course of action need to be taken. The next step helps you to decide on the importance of each task that needs to be done. We must evaluate the necessity of each task and list them accordingly. For instance, going to work should be well above going to the mall on your list. You must also take into consideration how much time each task will take. If you are assigned a task at work, which you believe will take an hour to compete then you must set aside some time during the week so that you can complete it properly. In the same instance, if you work for eight hours and you only have two hours before you have to cook dinner for your family, then you do not want to schedule a two and a half hour movie date. Very often people overlook these simple things that add a strain or  stress in their lives by committing to things that do not fall within the realm of what needs to be done. Peter Drucker (2009) said, â€Å"If you want to improve how you manage time – stop doing what doesn’t need to be done!†In summary, schedule your time effectively by first prioritizing what needs to be done first. Ask yourself what sacrifices need to be made in order to stay on task. Stay focused and do not stray too far from your schedule. If you have some extra time, use it wisely, i.e. read a chapter for class or read through some emails you haven’t gotten to. This will help eliminate stress in staying on top of things. Is what you’re currently doing or plan to do going to move you closer to your goal? Define or set your goals and write them down so that you have something to reference and keep you on task. When you define your goals, ask yourself two questions; where am I now and where am I going? When you know where you are going you are better equipped to handle the tasks at hand. References Allen, D. (2009). Why is Managing Time so Stressful? Retrieved June 21, 2009, fromhttp://www.the-happy-manager.com/quotes-on-time-management.htmlDrucker, P. (2009). Don’t Forget†¦Retrieved June 20, 2009, fromhttp://www.the-happy-manager.com/quotes-on-time-management.html

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique - Article Example The food choices that people make decide how successfully the body handles all its functions and activities (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, p.2). Hence, one can maintain healthy body by choosing nutritious food (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, p.2). Sadly, the hectic nature of modern life has made people to ignore the quality of food they eat. The article â€Å"A diet for better energy,† written by Diana Rodriguez, is targeted at people who need high energy levels to fulfill the demands of hectic life. As the tips given in the article are precise and practical in nature, it is an excellent source of information and worth recommending to others. Reliability The article â€Å"A diet for better energy,† written by Diana Rodriguez is a reliable source of information. After reading the article, one can find various aspects and qualities which prove that the article is worth reading and reliable in nature. Some of the ways in which the article can be recommended as authentic and reliable ar e discussed below. It is not an Advertisement The first important aspect that shows that this article is not worthless is the fact that it is not written to advertise any product or a service. That is, it is not written with an intention to promote any nutrition product or food item. Also, there is no hint of any attempt at subtle advertisement as the article does not mention any names of the food brands or health services. The products or the food items that are mentioned, for example chicken, lentils, beans, fish etc., are general in nature and not branded. This shows that the article is authentic and not fake. Article is Reviewed The second reason why the article is reliable is that it is reviewed by a professional from medical field. The article is reviewed by Christine Wilmsen Craig, MD (Rodriguez). Christine Craig has a valid degree in medicine. Her medical degree and postdoctoral training has been earned from the University of Missouri-Columbia (Everyday Health para 11). When the article is reviewed by the professional in medical field, then it means that the information provided in the article is authentic and based on scientific research. Based on Expert Opinion The third reason for the article to be reliable source of information is that the article is written on the basis of interviews with people in the field of nutrition and diet. For example, the information about the foods that give prolonged energy level is based on the interview of Melissa Rifkin, who is a registered dietitian at the Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, N.Y. (Rodriguez para 5). Similarly, Suzanne Lugerner, RN, who is the director of clinical nutrition at the Washington Hospital Center in Washington, D.C., is consulted to gain information regarding the role of fluids in sustaining energy levels in human body (Rodriguez para 7). Later on in the article, the information regarding the healthy pattern of meals is provided after consulting Tara Harwood, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio (Rodriguez para 10). In this way, all the important information regarding the diet and nutrition is based on information gathered from reliable sources, that is, from the professionals in field of diet and nutrition. Hence, the article is very reliable and authentic. Information Matches with the Reliable Source The information regarding the nutrients and its functions, given in the article, matches the information given in the book called

Information Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Technology - Research Paper Example The results of the research showed that information technology is an ever-growing professional field which has increased the demand of IT professionals all over the world. Information technology is one of the most progressive professional fields of the present world. It mainly refers to the use of computer systems and networks for storing, processing, and retrieving data or information required to run different business processes. Earlier, the use of the term ‘Information Technology’ was limited to banks and hospitals where employees needed to store and retrieve information on regular basis to perform different activities. With the increase in the use of information technology in every field of life, the need of information technology professionals also rose at a great pace. Today, one can observe that almost every university of the world offers different course related to information technology and more and more people are getting admission in those courses to become information technology experts. Basic education for all IT professionals is almost same, which is graduation in computer sciences. However, specialization courses may differ for each field of study. People who want to establish their careers in computer programming usually do Bachelors in Computer Sciences as this course contains all necessary subjects related to computer programming. On the other hand, people who want to become software engineers usually do Bachelors in Software Engineering which contain all subjects related to system engineering,